Clean and Unclean Food
1The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, 2“Say to the Israelites: ‘Of all the animals that live on land, these are the ones you may eat: 3You may eat any animal that has a divided hoof and that chews the cud.
4“ ‘There are some that only chew the cud or only have a divided hoof, but you must not eat them. The camel, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is ceremonially unclean for you. 5The hyrax, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you. 6The rabbit, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you. 7And the pig, though it has a divided hoof, does not chew the cud; it is unclean for you. 8You must not eat their meat or touch their carcasses; they are unclean for you.
9“ ‘Of all the creatures living in the water of the seas and the streams you may eat any that have fins and scales. 10But all creatures in the seas or streams that do not have fins and scales—whether among all the swarming things or among all the other living creatures in the water—you are to regard as unclean. 11And since you are to regard them as unclean, you must not eat their meat; you must regard their carcasses as unclean. 12Anything living in the water that does not have fins and scales is to be regarded as unclean by you.
13“ ‘These are the birds you are to regard as unclean and not eat because they are unclean: the eagle,11:13 The precise identification of some of the birds, insects and animals in this chapter is uncertain. the vulture, the black vulture, 14the red kite, any kind of black kite, 15any kind of raven, 16the horned owl, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk, 17the little owl, the cormorant, the great owl, 18the white owl, the desert owl, the osprey, 19the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe and the bat.
20“ ‘All flying insects that walk on all fours are to be regarded as unclean by you. 21There are, however, some flying insects that walk on all fours that you may eat: those that have jointed legs for hopping on the ground. 22Of these you may eat any kind of locust, katydid, cricket or grasshopper. 23But all other flying insects that have four legs you are to regard as unclean.
24“ ‘You will make yourselves unclean by these; whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening. 25Whoever picks up one of their carcasses must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening.
26“ ‘Every animal that does not have a divided hoof or that does not chew the cud is unclean for you; whoever touches the carcass of any of them will be unclean. 27Of all the animals that walk on all fours, those that walk on their paws are unclean for you; whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening. 28Anyone who picks up their carcasses must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening. These animals are unclean for you.
29“ ‘Of the animals that move along the ground, these are unclean for you: the weasel, the rat, any kind of great lizard, 30the gecko, the monitor lizard, the wall lizard, the skink and the chameleon. 31Of all those that move along the ground, these are unclean for you. Whoever touches them when they are dead will be unclean till evening. 32When one of them dies and falls on something, that article, whatever its use, will be unclean, whether it is made of wood, cloth, hide or sackcloth. Put it in water; it will be unclean till evening, and then it will be clean. 33If one of them falls into a clay pot, everything in it will be unclean, and you must break the pot. 34Any food you are allowed to eat that has come into contact with water from any such pot is unclean, and any liquid that is drunk from such a pot is unclean. 35Anything that one of their carcasses falls on becomes unclean; an oven or cooking pot must be broken up. They are unclean, and you are to regard them as unclean. 36A spring, however, or a cistern for collecting water remains clean, but anyone who touches one of these carcasses is unclean. 37If a carcass falls on any seeds that are to be planted, they remain clean. 38But if water has been put on the seed and a carcass falls on it, it is unclean for you.
39“ ‘If an animal that you are allowed to eat dies, anyone who touches its carcass will be unclean till evening. 40Anyone who eats some of its carcass must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening. Anyone who picks up the carcass must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening.
41“ ‘Every creature that moves along the ground is to be regarded as unclean; it is not to be eaten. 42You are not to eat any creature that moves along the ground, whether it moves on its belly or walks on all fours or on many feet; it is unclean. 43Do not defile yourselves by any of these creatures. Do not make yourselves unclean by means of them or be made unclean by them. 44I am the Lord your God; consecrate yourselves and be holy, because I am holy. Do not make yourselves unclean by any creature that moves along the ground. 45I am the Lord, who brought you up out of Egypt to be your God; therefore be holy, because I am holy.
46“ ‘These are the regulations concerning animals, birds, every living thing that moves about in the water and every creature that moves along the ground. 47You must distinguish between the unclean and the clean, between living creatures that may be eaten and those that may not be eaten.’ ”
有關食物的條例
1耶和華對摩西和亞倫說： 2「你們把以下條例告訴以色列人。
「地上的動物， 3凡蹄子分瓣且反芻的動物，你們都可以吃。 4但你們不可吃只是蹄子分瓣或只反芻的動物。駱駝不潔淨，因為牠雖反芻但蹄子不分瓣； 5石獾不潔淨，因為牠雖反芻但蹄子不分瓣； 6野兔不潔淨，因為牠雖反芻但蹄子不分瓣； 7豬不潔淨，因為牠雖蹄子分瓣但不反芻。 8你們不可吃牠們的肉，也不可摸牠們的屍體，因為牠們對你們來說不潔淨。
9「海洋與河流裡的動物，凡有鰭有鱗的，你們都可以吃。 10但海洋與河流裡無鰭無鱗的動物，你們要憎惡。 11牠們都是可憎之物，你們不可吃牠們的肉，也不可摸牠們的屍體。 12水中任何無鰭無鱗的動物，你們都要視為可憎之物。
13「你們不可吃以下鳥類，要視為可憎之物。牠們是鵰、胡兀鷲、黑禿鷲、 14鳶、隼類、 15烏鴉類、 16鴕鳥、夜鷹、海鷗、鷹類、 17小鴞、鸕鷀、大鴞、 18倉鴞、鵜鶘、魚鷹、 19鸛、鷺鳥類、戴鵀和蝙蝠。
20「你們要憎惡會飛的四足爬行昆蟲， 21但可以吃其中會飛會跳的昆蟲， 22包括蝗蟲類、蟋蟀類和蚱蜢類。 23你們要憎惡所有會飛的四足爬行昆蟲。
24「以下的動物會使你們不潔淨。任何人接觸到牠們的屍體，都不潔淨，要等到傍晚才能潔淨。 25任何人拿牠們的屍體，都必須洗淨所穿的衣服，要等到傍晚才能潔淨。 26蹄子不分瓣或不反芻的動物，你們要視為不潔淨，碰到牠們的人都不潔淨。 27所有以腳掌走路的四足動物，你們要視為不潔淨，碰到牠們屍體的人都不潔淨，要等到傍晚才能潔淨。 28凡拿牠們屍體的人都必須洗淨所穿的衣服，要等到傍晚才能潔淨。你們要視牠們為不潔淨的動物。
29「地上不潔淨的動物有鼬鼠、老鼠、大蜥蜴類、 30壁虎、巨蜥、小蜥蜴和變色龍。 31這些爬蟲都是不潔淨的。任何人碰到牠們的屍體，都不潔淨，要等到傍晚才能潔淨。 32如果牠們的屍體掉在什麼東西上，不管是木器、衣物、皮件還是袋子，不管作何用途，都會變得不潔淨。要把那東西放在水中，一直到傍晚才能潔淨。 33如果牠們的屍體掉在陶器裡，陶器裡盛的東西都不潔淨。你們必須打碎那陶器。 34陶器裡的水如果滴到食物上，食物就不潔淨；如果滴到盛飲品的器皿裡，飲品也不潔淨。 35牠們的屍體無論掉在什麼東西上，那東西都不潔淨，無論是爐是鍋都要打碎。它們不潔淨，也理當被你們視為不潔淨。 36如果牠們的屍體掉進水泉或儲水池裡，水泉和儲水池仍然是潔淨的，但碰到屍體的人是不潔淨的。 37如果牠們的屍體接觸到將要播撒的種子，種子仍是潔淨的。 38但如果牠們的屍體碰到泡過水的種子，種子就不潔淨。
39「一隻可以食用的動物死後，任何人如果碰到牠的屍體，都不潔淨，要等到傍晚才能潔淨。 40任何人如果吃牠的肉，或拿牠的屍體，都必須洗淨衣服，等到傍晚才能潔淨。
41「地上所有的爬蟲都是可憎的，你們不可吃。 42你們不可吃用肚子、四腳或多腳爬行的動物，這些都是可憎的。 43不可讓這些動物使你們成為可憎的，不可因它們而玷污自己，使自己不潔淨。 44我是你們的上帝耶和華。你們要分別出來做聖潔的人，因為我是聖潔的。不可讓地上的爬蟲玷污你們。 45我是耶和華，我帶你們出埃及，為要做你們的上帝。你們要聖潔，因為我是聖潔的。
46「以上是有關飛禽走獸、水族和地上一切爬蟲的條例， 47使你們可以區分什麼是潔淨的、什麼是不潔淨的、什麼是可吃的、什麼是不可吃的。」
