Jonatans heltedåd og filistrenes nederlag
1En dag sagde Jonatan til den unge mand, som bar hans våben: „Kom, lad os snige os over til filistrenes udpost på den anden side af bjergpasset.” Men han sagde ikke til sin far, at han tog af sted.
2Saul og hans 600 mænd lå i lejr ved granatæbletræet på bakken14,2 På hebraisk: Gibea, som betyder bakke eller høj. Her kan det næppe henvise til byen af samme navn. ved Migron. 3Blandt mændene var også præsten Ahija, som bar den hellige efod. Hans far var Ahitub, Ikabods bror, hans farfar var Pinehas, og hans oldefar var Eli, som havde været Herrens præst i Shilo.
Ingen havde lagt mærke til, at Jonatan havde forladt lejren. 4For at nå frem til filistrene måtte Jonatan igennem et pas, som lå i en kløft med et stort klippefremspring på hver side. De to klippeformationer var kendt under navnene Botzetz og Sene. 5Den ene lå mod nord i retning af Mikmas, og den anden mod syd i retning af Geba.
6„Kom, lad os gå over til de uomskårne og ugudelige filistre,” sagde Jonatan til sin våbenbærer. „Måske vil Herren hjælpe os. Herren kan give os sejr, hvad enten vi er mange eller få.”
7„Gør, som du vil!” svarede våbendrageren. „Jeg går med dig, lige meget hvad du finder på.”
8-10„Godt, så hør her,” fortsatte Jonatan. „Vi sørger for, at de opdager os, når vi går derover. Hvis de siger: ‚Bliv stående, vi kommer ned til jer,’ så går vi ikke derop. Men hvis de siger: ‚Kom herop!’ så går vi derop, for så er det et signal fra Herren om, at han vil give os sejr.”
11Da filistrene nu fik øje på dem, råbte de til hinanden: „Se! Nogle af hebræerne er krøbet frem fra deres skjulesteder.” 12Så råbte de til Jonatan: „Kom herop, så skal vi give jer en lærestreg.”
„Følg efter mig!” sagde Jonatan til våbendrageren. „For Herren vil give Israels folk sejren.”
13Så klatrede de op ad skrænten på hænder og fødder, og Jonatan huggede filistrene ned, mens våbendrageren fulgte i hælene på ham og dræbte dem, Jonatan havde såret. 14Under dette første slag dræbte de 20 filistre på et ca. 2000 kvadratmeter stort areal. 15Samtidig sendte Gud et jordskælv, som skabte rædsel og panik blandt filistrene, både i selve lejren og udenfor blandt udkigsposterne og kampstyrkerne. 16Sauls udkigsposter i Geba14,16 På hebraisk: Benjamins Gibea/Geba/høj. Se noterne til 10,5 og 13,2. lagde mærke til den forvirring, der opstod i fjendens rækker.
17„Find ud af, om nogen af vores mænd har forladt lejren,” befalede Saul, og det viste sig, at Jonatan og hans våbendrager manglede. 18„Hent den hellige vest frem!” råbte Saul til præsten Ahija. På den tid var det nemlig Ahija, der havde ansvar for den hellige vest,14,18 I denne hellige vest, som på hebraisk hedder efod, blev de to hellige lodder, Urim og Tummim, opbevaret. Dem brugte den øverste præst til at finde Guds vilje ved lodkastning. Oversættelsen her bygger på Septuaginta. Den masoretiske tekst taler om at bringe arken frem. som man brugte, når man ville spørge Herren til råds. 19Men mens Saul talte med Ahija, blev tumulten og støjen i filistrenes lejr værre og værre. „Lad det bare være!” råbte Saul til ham. 20Så kastede Saul og hans 600 mænd sig ind i kampen, og forvirringen var så stor blandt filistrene, at de rask væk huggede hinanden ned. 21De hebræere, der før kæmpede på filistrenes side, gjorde nu mytteri og gik over på israelitternes side. 22Til sidst kom resten af de israelitiske soldater frem fra deres skjulesteder i bjergene og deltog i forfølgelsen af de flygtende filistre. 23Den dag frelste Herren Israel, og israelitterne forfulgte filistrene helt til den anden side af Bet-Aven.
Sauls dumhed
24-26Israelitterne var helt udmattede, fordi Saul havde erklæret: „Forbandet være den, som tager sig tid til at spise noget i dag, for jeg vil have fuldstændig hævn over mine fjender.” De var alle så bange for forbandelsen, at ingen turde spise noget hele dagen, ikke engang den smule honning, de fandt rundt omkring, 27Men Jonatan, der ikke havde hørt sin fars erklæring, stak sin stav i en bikage og fiskede lidt honning frem, og da han havde spist honningen, følte han sig stærk igen. 28En af mændene, som så ham gøre det, sagde: „Din far tog hele hæren i ed og sagde: ‚Forbandet være den, som spiser noget i dag.’ Det er derfor, vi alle er så udmattede.”
29„Sådan en befaling skader os kun,” udbrød Jonatan. „Se bare, hvor frisk jeg er nu efter at have spist en smule honning. 30Forestil jer, hvor mange flere fjender vi kunne have dræbt, hvis vores mænd havde spist noget af den mad, de fandt i fjendens lejr. Men nu slipper filistrene væk i stedet.”
31Efter at have kæmpet mod filistrene hele dagen fra Mikmas til Ajjalon, var krigerne så udmattede og sultne, 32at de kastede sig over krigsbyttet og begyndte at slagte får og geder, køer og kalve på den bare jord og spise kødet uden først at lade blodet løbe fra. 33Da Saul blev underrettet om, at hans hær havde syndet imod Herren ved at spise kød med blodet i, sagde han: „Det er forfærdeligt! Folket overtræder jo Guds bud! Skynd jer og rul en stor sten herhen! 34Gå så ud til krigerne og giv dem ordre til at føre køerne, gederne og fårene hertil, så vi kan slagte dem her og lade blodet løbe fra. I må ikke synde imod Herren!” I nattens løb kom krigerne med det kvæg, de havde taget i krigsbytte, og det blev slagtet efter forskrifterne. 35Der byggede Saul et alter for Herren. Det var første gang han byggede et alter.
36Bagefter opfordrede Saul sine mænd til at genoptage forfølgelsen. „Lad os forfølge filistrene hele natten og udrydde dem rub og stub,” sagde han.
„Som du vil,” svarede de. Men præsten Ahija indvendte: „Lad os først spørge Gud til råds.”
37Så spurgte Saul Gud: „Skal vi forfølge filistrene? Vil du fortsat hjælpe os med at slå dem?” Men Herren gav ikke noget svar.
38Da sammenkaldte Saul alle sine officerer og sagde til dem: „Der er noget galt, siden Gud ikke svarer os. Vi må finde ud af, hvilken synd der er begået i dag. 39Jeg sværger ved Gud på, at om så synderen er min egen søn Jonatan, skal han dø.” Men ingen turde fortælle ham sagens rette sammenhæng.
40Saul forlangte nu, at de skulle stille sig på den ene side, mens han selv og Jonatan stillede sig på den anden side. Det gjorde de. 41Så bad han denne bøn: „Herre, Israels Gud, vis os nu, hvem der har skylden. Er det Jonatan og mig, eller ligger skylden hos hæren?” Da faldt det hellige lod på Saul og Jonatan, mens hæren gik fri.
42„Okay,” fortsatte Saul, „så kast lod mellem mig og Jonatan.” Da faldt loddet på Jonatan.
43„Sig mig, hvad du har gjort,” forlangte Saul.
„Jeg spiste lidt honning fra spidsen af min stav,” svarede Jonatan. „Så lad mig da dø.”
44„Jeg har svoret en ed,” svarede Saul. „Derfor skal du dø for din ulydighed.”
45Men de omkringstående protesterede: „Ikke tale om! Det er jo Jonatan, vi kan takke for den sejr, vi har vundet i dag. Vi sværger ved den levende Gud, at vi ikke vil tillade, at der krummes et hår på hans hoved, for det var ved Guds hjælp, at han vandt sejren for os i dag.” Derved reddede mændene Jonatan fra at blive henrettet.
46Da opgav Saul at genoptage forfølgelsen, og filistrene vendte hjem til deres eget land.
Sauls militære sejre
47Nu da Saul havde styrket sin position som konge i Israel, førte han krig mod sine fjender i alle retninger: moabitterne og ammonitterne mod øst, edomitterne mod syd, Zobas konger14,47 Zoba er et område beboet af aramæere (syrere), jf. 2.Sam. 10,8, 1.Krøn. 19,6. mod nord og filistrene mod vest. Hvor som helst han kom frem, vandt han sejr over sine fjender. 48Han udførte store heltegerninger ved blandt andet at besejre amalekitterne og dermed frelse Israels folk fra deres plageånder.
49Saul havde sønnerne Jonatan, Jishvi og Malkishua, og døtrene Merab og Mikal. 50Sauls kone hed Ahinoam og var en datter af Ahima’atz. Sauls hærfører var hans fætter Abner, en søn af hans farbror, Ner. 51Ner og Sauls far, Kish, var altså brødre, og deres far hed Abiel.
52Krigen mod filistrene stod på, så længe Saul levede. Hver gang Saul så en tapper og stærk ung mand, hvervede han ham til sin hær.
1One day Jonathan son of Saul said to his young armour-bearer, ‘Come, let’s go over to the Philistine outpost on the other side.’ But he did not tell his father.
2Saul was staying on the outskirts of Gibeah under a pomegranate tree in Migron. With him were about six hundred men, 3among whom was Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod. He was a son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the Lord’s priest in Shiloh. No-one was aware that Jonathan had left.
4On each side of the pass that Jonathan intended to cross to reach the Philistine outpost was a cliff; one was called Bozez and the other Seneh. 5One cliff stood to the north towards Michmash, the other to the south towards Geba.
6Jonathan said to his young armour-bearer, ‘Come, let’s go over to the outpost of those uncircumcised men. Perhaps the Lord will act on our behalf. Nothing can hinder the Lord from saving, whether by many or by few.’
7‘Do all that you have in mind,’ his armour-bearer said. ‘Go ahead; I am with you heart and soul.’
8Jonathan said, ‘Come on, then; we will cross over towards them and let them see us. 9If they say to us, “Wait there until we come to you,” we will stay where we are and not go up to them. 10But if they say, “Come up to us,” we will climb up, because that will be our sign that the Lord has given them into our hands.’
11So both of them showed themselves to the Philistine outpost. ‘Look!’ said the Philistines. ‘The Hebrews are crawling out of the holes they were hiding in.’ 12The men of the outpost shouted to Jonathan and his armour-bearer, ‘Come up to us and we’ll teach you a lesson.’
So Jonathan said to his armour-bearer, ‘Climb up after me; the Lord has given them into the hand of Israel.’
13Jonathan climbed up, using his hands and feet, with his armour-bearer right behind him. The Philistines fell before Jonathan, and his armour-bearer followed and killed behind him. 14In that first attack Jonathan and his armour-bearer killed some twenty men in an area of about half an acre.14:14 Or about 2,000 square metres
Israel routs the Philistines
15Then panic struck the whole army – those in the camp and field, and those in the outposts and raiding parties – and the ground shook. It was a panic sent by God.14:15 Or a terrible panic
16Saul’s lookouts at Gibeah in Benjamin saw the army melting away in all directions. 17Then Saul said to the men who were with him, ‘Muster the forces and see who has left us.’ When they did, it was Jonathan and his armour-bearer who were not there.
18Saul said to Ahijah, ‘Bring the ark of God.’ (At that time it was with the Israelites.)14:18 Hebrew; Septuagint ‘Bring the ephod.’ (At that time he wore the ephod before the Israelites.) 19While Saul was talking to the priest, the tumult in the Philistine camp increased more and more. So Saul said to the priest, ‘Withdraw your hand.’
20Then Saul and all his men assembled and went to the battle. They found the Philistines in total confusion, striking each other with their swords. 21Those Hebrews who had previously been with the Philistines and had gone up with them to their camp went over to the Israelites who were with Saul and Jonathan. 22When all the Israelites who had hidden in the hill country of Ephraim heard that the Philistines were on the run, they joined the battle in hot pursuit. 23So on that day the Lord saved Israel, and the battle moved on beyond Beth Aven.
Jonathan eats honey
24Now the Israelites were in distress that day, because Saul had bound the people under an oath, saying, ‘Cursed be anyone who eats food before evening comes, before I have avenged myself on my enemies!’ So none of the troops tasted food.
25The entire army entered the woods, and there was honey on the ground. 26When they went into the woods, they saw the honey oozing out; yet no-one put his hand to his mouth, because they feared the oath. 27But Jonathan had not heard that his father had bound the people with the oath, so he reached out the end of the staff that was in his hand and dipped it into the honeycomb. He raised his hand to his mouth, and his eyes brightened.14:27 Or his strength was renewed; similarly in verse 29 28Then one of the soldiers told him, ‘Your father bound the army under a strict oath, saying, “Cursed be anyone who eats food today!” That is why the men are faint.’
29Jonathan said, ‘My father has made trouble for the country. See how my eyes brightened when I tasted a little of this honey. 30How much better it would have been if the men had eaten today some of the plunder they took from their enemies. Would not the slaughter of the Philistines have been even greater?’
31That day, after the Israelites had struck down the Philistines from Michmash to Aijalon, they were exhausted. 32They pounced on the plunder and, taking sheep, cattle and calves, they butchered them on the ground and ate them, together with the blood. 33Then someone said to Saul, ‘Look, the men are sinning against the Lord by eating meat that has blood in it.’
‘You have broken faith,’ he said. ‘Roll a large stone over here at once.’ 34Then he said, ‘Go out among the men and tell them, “Each of you bring me your cattle and sheep, and slaughter them here and eat them. Do not sin against the Lord by eating meat with blood still in it.” ’
So everyone brought his ox that night and slaughtered it there. 35Then Saul built an altar to the Lord; it was the first time he had done this.
36Saul said, ‘Let us go down and pursue the Philistines by night and plunder them till dawn, and let us not leave one of them alive.’
‘Do whatever seems best to you,’ they replied.
But the priest said, ‘Let us enquire of God here.’
37So Saul asked God, ‘Shall I go down and pursue the Philistines? Will you give them into Israel’s hand?’ But God did not answer him that day.
38Saul therefore said, ‘Come here, all you who are leaders of the army, and let us find out what sin has been committed today. 39As surely as the Lord who rescues Israel lives, even if the guilt lies with my son Jonathan, he must die.’ But not one of them said a word.
40Saul then said to all the Israelites, ‘You stand over there; I and Jonathan my son will stand over here.’
‘Do what seems best to you,’ they replied.
41Then Saul prayed to the Lord, the God of Israel, ‘Why have you not answered your servant today? If the fault is in me or my son Jonathan, respond with Urim, but if the men of Israel are at fault,14:41 Septuagint; Hebrew does not have ‘Why… at fault. respond with Thummim.’ Jonathan and Saul were taken by lot, and the men were cleared. 42Saul said, ‘Cast the lot between me and Jonathan my son.’ And Jonathan was taken.
43Then Saul said to Jonathan, ‘Tell me what you have done.’
So Jonathan told him, ‘I tasted a little honey with the end of my staff. And now I must die!’
44Saul said, ‘May God deal with me, be it ever so severely, if you do not die, Jonathan.’
45But the men said to Saul, ‘Should Jonathan die – he who has brought about this great deliverance in Israel? Never! As surely as the Lord lives, not a hair of his head shall fall to the ground, for he did this today with God’s help.’ So the men rescued Jonathan, and he was not put to death.
46Then Saul stopped pursuing the Philistines, and they withdrew to their own land.
47After Saul had assumed rule over Israel, he fought against their enemies on every side: Moab, the Ammonites, Edom, the kings14:47 Masoretic Text; Dead Sea Scrolls and Septuagint king of Zobah, and the Philistines. Wherever he turned, he inflicted punishment on them.14:47 Hebrew; Septuagint he was victorious 48He fought valiantly and defeated the Amalekites, delivering Israel from the hands of those who had plundered them.
Saul’s family
49Saul’s sons were Jonathan, Ishvi and Malki-Shua. The name of his elder daughter was Merab, and that of the younger was Michal. 50His wife’s name was Ahinoam daughter of Ahimaaz. The name of the commander of Saul’s army was Abner son of Ner, and Ner was Saul’s uncle. 51Saul’s father Kish and Abner’s father Ner were sons of Abiel.
52All the days of Saul there was bitter war with the Philistines, and whenever Saul saw a mighty or brave man, he took him into his service.
