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ユダの王ヨシヤの改革
1ヨシヤが王となったのはまだ八歳の時で、三十一年間エルサレムで治めました。 2彼は、先祖ダビデの良い模範にならおうと心がけ、すぐれた政治を行いました。 3十六歳になった治世の第八年には、ダビデの信じた神を熱心に求めるようになりました。その四年後には、ユダとエルサレムをきよめ始め、高台にある異教の祭壇や恥ずべき像を取り壊しました。 4王が陣頭指揮をとり、バアルの祭壇が取り壊され、その上にある柱がたたき折られ、偶像が粉々に砕かれて、この偶像にいけにえをささげた者たちの墓にまき散らされました。 5また、異教の祭司たちの骨を彼らの祭壇で焼くことによって、ユダとエルサレムの住民を偶像礼拝の罪からきよめました。 6それからヨシヤは、マナセ、エフライム、シメオン、さらに遠くナフタリにある町々にまで行って同じようにしました。 7異教の祭壇を取り壊し、偶像を粉々に砕き、石の柱を切り倒したのです。ヨシヤ王はイスラエル全土でこのようにしてから、エルサレムに戻りました。
8偶像を一掃し、神殿のある場所をきよめてのち、第十八年に、王は神殿を修理するため、アツァルヤの子シャファン、エルサレムの長マアセヤ、エホアハズの子で市の財務官ヨアフを任命しました。 9三人はさっそく、必要な献金を集めることにしました。献金は、神殿の入口で警備に当たるレビ人が集めました。エルサレムの住民はもちろん、マナセとエフライムから来た人々、および、その他の地方の者たちから寄せられた献金は、大祭司ヒルキヤに渡され、彼のもとで計算されました。 10-11それからレビ人の手で、大工や石工への支払い、切り石、材木、つなぎ材、梁などの建築材料の購入にあてられました。こうしてヨシヤ王は、先のユダの王たちが荒らした神殿をりっぱに建て直したのです。
12職人たちは、工事監督、メラリ氏族のレビ人ヤハテとオバデヤ、ケハテ氏族のゼカリヤとメシュラムの指揮のもとでよく働きました。工事が進んでいる間、レビ人は、すぐれた音楽をもって士気を高めました。 13ほかに、資材を職人のもとへ運ぶ労働者を監督するレビ人もいました。また別の者は、会計、管理、運搬の任に当たりました。
14ある日、大祭司ヒルキヤが神殿の入口で集めた献金の額を記入していて、古い巻物を見つけました。なんとそれは、モーセに与えられた主の律法の書だったのです。 15-16ヒルキヤは、王の書記官シャファンに言いました。「神殿で、こんなものが見つかりました。これは律法の書です。」シャファンは巻物を受け取ると、王のもとに携えて行き、まずは神殿再建の工事が順調に進んでいることを報告しました。 17「献金箱を開け、全額を計算した上で、必要な金額を監督と職人に渡しております。」
18それから、彼は例の巻物を王に見せ、ヒルキヤがそれを発見したしだいを語り、王の前で朗読したのです。 19その律法のことばが神の民に何を求めているかを知って、王は絶望のあまり衣を裂きました。 20そして、ヒルキヤ、シャファンの子アヒカム、ミカの子アブドン、書記官シャファン、王の相談役アサヤを呼び、言い渡しました。 21「神殿に行って、私のために主にお願いしてくれないか。イスラエルとユダの残りの者のために、祈ってほしいのだ。この巻物によると、主の激しい怒りが下ったのは、私たちの先祖が、ここに記されている主のことばに従わなかったからだというのだ。」
22そこで彼らは、ハスラの子トクハテの子シャルムの妻である女預言者フルダのもとへ行きました。シャルムは王の衣装係で、エルサレムの第二区に住んでいました。彼らが王の心配事を伝えると、 23彼女は答えました。「イスラエルの神、主はこう仰せです。『あなたがたを遣わした方にこう言いなさい。 24わたしはこの町と住民を滅ぼす。その巻物に記されているのろいは、すべて実現しよう。 25わたしの民がわたしを捨て、異教の神々を礼拝したので、わたしは怒りに燃えている。それゆえ、この地に注がれる主の憤りは決して消すことができない。』 26このことで私に尋ねるため、あなたがたを遣わしたユダの王に、こう言ってください。『イスラエルの神、主のお告げです。 27あなたが、この町と住民へのわたしのことばを聞いた時、心から悲しみ、神の前にへりくだって、絶望のあまり衣を裂き、わたしの前で泣いたので、あなたの祈りを聞き入れよう。 28この町と住民に下すと言った災いを、あなたが死ぬまでは下さない。』」彼らはこの主のことばを王に報告しました。
29すると王は、ユダとエルサレムの長老たちを残らず召集しました。 30祭司、レビ人、すべての民が、王とともに神殿へ行きました。王は、神殿で発見された、神の契約が書かれている巻物を読んで聞かせました。 31それから彼らの前で、心を尽くし、精神を尽くして主の命令に従い、巻物に記されていることを行うという誓いを立てました。 32また、エルサレムとベニヤミンにいるすべての者に、この神との契約に同意するよう求め、すべての者がそうしました。
33こうしてヨシヤは、ユダヤ人が住む全地域から偶像を一つ残らず取り除き、すべての者に、彼らの神を礼拝するよう訴えました。それ以後、王が生きている間ずっと、民は父祖の神、主に仕えました。
Josiah’s reforms
1Josiah was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem for thirty-one years. 2He did what was right in the eyes of the Lord and followed the ways of his father David, not turning aside to the right or to the left.
3In the eighth year of his reign, while he was still young, he began to seek the God of his father David. In his twelfth year he began to purge Judah and Jerusalem of high places, Asherah poles and idols. 4Under his direction the altars of the Baals were torn down; he cut to pieces the incense altars that were above them, and smashed the Asherah poles and the idols. These he broke to pieces and scattered over the graves of those who had sacrificed to them. 5He burned the bones of the priests on their altars, and so he purged Judah and Jerusalem. 6In the towns of Manasseh, Ephraim and Simeon, as far as Naphtali, and in the ruins around them, 7he tore down the altars and the Asherah poles and crushed the idols to powder and cut to pieces all the incense altars throughout Israel. Then he went back to Jerusalem.
8In the eighteenth year of Josiah’s reign, to purify the land and the temple, he sent Shaphan son of Azaliah and Maaseiah the ruler of the city, with Joah son of Joahaz, the recorder, to repair the temple of the Lord his God.
9They went to Hilkiah the high priest and gave him the money that had been brought into the temple of God, which the Levites who were the gatekeepers had collected from the people of Manasseh, Ephraim and the entire remnant of Israel and from all the people of Judah and Benjamin and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. 10Then they entrusted it to the men appointed to supervise the work on the Lord’s temple. These men paid the workers who repaired and restored the temple. 11They also gave money to the carpenters and builders to purchase dressed stone, and timber for joists and beams for the buildings that the kings of Judah had allowed to fall into ruin.
12The workers laboured faithfully. Over them to direct them were Jahath and Obadiah, Levites descended from Merari, and Zechariah and Meshullam, descended from Kohath. The Levites – all who were skilled in playing musical instruments – 13had charge of the labourers and supervised all the workers from job to job. Some of the Levites were secretaries, scribes and gatekeepers.
The Book of the Law found
14While they were bringing out the money that had been taken into the temple of the Lord, Hilkiah the priest found the Book of the Law of the Lord that had been given through Moses. 15Hilkiah said to Shaphan the secretary, ‘I have found the Book of the Law in the temple of the Lord.’ He gave it to Shaphan.
16Then Shaphan took the book to the king and reported to him: ‘Your officials are doing everything that has been committed to them. 17They have paid out the money that was in the temple of the Lord and have entrusted it to the supervisors and workers.’ 18Then Shaphan the secretary informed the king, ‘Hilkiah the priest has given me a book.’ And Shaphan read from it in the presence of the king.
19When the king heard the words of the Law, he tore his robes. 20He gave these orders to Hilkiah, Ahikam son of Shaphan, Abdon son of Micah,34:20 Also called Akbor son of Micaiah Shaphan the secretary and Asaiah the king’s attendant: 21‘Go and enquire of the Lord for me and for the remnant in Israel and Judah about what is written in this book that has been found. Great is the Lord’s anger that is poured out on us because those who have gone before us have not kept the word of the Lord; they have not acted in accordance with all that is written in this book.’
22Hilkiah and those the king had sent with him34:22 One Hebrew manuscript, Vulgate and Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts do not have had sent with him. went to speak to the prophet Huldah, who was the wife of Shallum son of Tokhath,34:22 Also called Tikvah the son of Hasrah,34:22 Also called Harhas keeper of the wardrobe. She lived in Jerusalem, in the New Quarter.
23She said to them, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: tell the man who sent you to me, 24“This is what the Lord says: I am going to bring disaster on this place and its people – all the curses written in the book that has been read in the presence of the king of Judah. 25Because they have forsaken me and burned incense to other gods and aroused my anger by all that their hands have made,34:25 Or by everything they have done my anger will be poured out on this place and will not be quenched.” 26Tell the king of Judah, who sent you to enquire of the Lord, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says concerning the words you heard: 27because your heart was responsive and you humbled yourself before God when you heard what he spoke against this place and its people, and because you humbled yourself before me and tore your robes and wept in my presence, I have heard you, declares the Lord. 28Now I will gather you to your ancestors, and you will be buried in peace. Your eyes will not see all the disaster I am going to bring on this place and on those who live here.” ’
So they took her answer back to the king.
29Then the king called together all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem. 30He went up to the temple of the Lord with the people of Judah, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the priests and the Levites – all the people from the least to the greatest. He read in their hearing all the words of the Book of the Covenant, which had been found in the temple of the Lord. 31The king stood by his pillar and renewed the covenant in the presence of the Lord – to follow the Lord and keep his commands, statutes and decrees with all his heart and all his soul, and to obey the words of the covenant written in this book.
32Then he made everyone in Jerusalem and Benjamin pledge themselves to it; the people of Jerusalem did this in accordance with the covenant of God, the God of their ancestors.
33Josiah removed all the detestable idols from all the territory belonging to the Israelites, and he made all who were present in Israel serve the Lord their God. As long as he lived, they did not fail to follow the Lord, the God of their ancestors.
