Johannes Døbers budskab
Matt. 3,1-12; Mark. 1,1-8; Joh. 1,19-28
1-2I kejser Tiberius’ 15. regeringsår fik Johannes, Zakarias’ søn, som holdt til i ødemarken, et budskab fra Gud. Landet var besat af romerne, og Pontius Pilatus var guvernør i Judæa. Herodes Antipas regerede i Galilæa, hans bror Filip i Ituræa og Trakonitis, mens Lysanias regerede i Abilene. Annas og Kajfas var jødernes ypperstepræster.
3Johannes forlod så ørkenområdet og vandrede omkring i nærheden af Jordanfloden. Der forkyndte han, at folk skulle vende om fra deres ondskab og lade sig døbe for at få tilgivelse for deres synder. 4Dermed gik følgende ord af profeten Esajas i opfyldelse:
„Der lyder en røst i ødemarken:
‚Ban vej for Herren!
Gør vejen klar til hans komme!
5Hver dal skal fyldes op,
hvert bjerg og hver høj skal jævnes ud.
De krogede veje skal rettes ud,
og de ujævne stier glattes.
6Og alle skal se Guds frelse.’ ”3,6 Es. 40,3-5 LXX.
7Johannes råbte til de mange mennesker, som strømmede til for at lade sig døbe: „Slangeyngel! Hvem har bildt jer ind, at I kan slippe for Guds straf? 8Bevis med jeres liv, at I er villige til at vende jer bort fra jeres synder! Det hjælper jer ikke at sige: ‚Vi er da børn af Abraham’.3,8 Udtrykket „barn af Abraham” er en hebraisk talemåde, som betyder, at man er ligesom Abraham. Abraham var kendt for sin tro og lydighed, men disse farisæere og saddukæere kender hverken til tro eller lydighed. Se også noten til Luk. 13,16 og 19,6, samt Johannesevangeliet kapitel 8. Lad mig fortælle jer noget: Gud kan forvandle stenene der til børn af Abraham! 9Øksen ligger allerede klar ved foden af træerne, og ethvert træ, som ikke bærer god frugt, skal hugges om og kastes i ilden.”
10„Jamen, hvad skal vi da gøre?” spurgte de.
11Johannes svarede: „Den, som har to kjortler, skal give den ene til den, der ingen har. Og den, der har mad at spise, skal dele med den, der intet har.”
12Der kom også nogle skatteopkrævere3,12 Det var jøder, som opkrævede afgifter til besættelsesmagten. Som løn fik de lov at beholde en del af det, de opkrævede. Den slags mennesker var naturligvis meget upopulære. for at blive døbt. „Hvad med os?” spurgte de. „Hvad skal vi gøre?”
13„I skal være ærlige!” svarede Johannes. „I må ikke opkræve mere i skat end det beløb, I har fået besked på.”
14„Og os,” spurgte en flok betjente.3,14 Egentlig „soldater”, men datidens soldater fungerede som nutidens betjente ved at arrestere mistænkte forbrydere. „Hvad med os?”
„Misbrug ikke jeres magt til at presse penge af folk,” svarede han. „Lad være med at arrestere nogen på falsk grundlag i håb om at modtage bestikkelse, men vær tilfredse med den løn, I får!”
15Da alle folk var i forventning om, at Messias snart skulle komme, var de spændt på, om det kunne være Johannes, der var den lovede frelser. 16Men Johannes sagde: „Jeg døber jer med vand, men snart kommer der en, som har større magt, end jeg har. Jeg er ikke engang værdig til at løse remmen på hans sandaler. Han vil døbe jer med Helligåndens kraft og med ild. 17Han har kasteskovlen i hånden, klar til at rense kornet for avner. Kernerne samler han i sin lade, men avnerne vil blive brændt i en uudslukkelig ild.”
18Sådan forkyndte Johannes det gode budskab og gav sine tilhørere mange formaninger om at leve efter Guds vilje. 19Men da han irettesatte Herodes, fordi han levede sammen med sin brors kone, Herodias, og for alt det onde, han derudover foretog sig, 20føjede Herodes endnu en forbrydelse til sit synderegister. Han satte Johannes i fængsel.
Jesus bliver døbt med vand og Helligånd
Matt. 3,13-17; Mark. 1,9-11
21Mens Johannes endnu var på fri fod og døbte folk, kom Jesus også og blev døbt. Da han derefter stod og bad, åbnede himlen sig, 22og Helligånden dalede ned over ham i skikkelse af en due. Samtidig lød der en stemme fra himlen: „Du er min elskede Søn, og dig er jeg fuldt ud tilfreds med!”3,22 Det græske ord brugt her betyder egentlig: „betragte som værende godt”. Det er noget, som man kan sætte sit blå stempel på, acceptere og være tilfreds med. Det bruges ofte i forbindelse med, at Guds vilje bliver udført.
Jesu stamtavle
Matt. 1,1-17
23Jesus var cirka 30 år, da han begyndte at træde offentligt frem. Folk anså ham for at være Josefs søn. Han var efterkommer3,23 På græsk: „(søn) af Eli”. Som i andre stamtavler har begrebet „søn” en videre betydning end på dansk. Det kan betyde barnebarn eller efterkommer. Teksten gør det ikke klart, om Josef er søn af Eli, eller måske efterkommer af Eli, men det er sandsynligvis Maria, som var datter af Eli, således at Jesus var Elis barnebarn. I alle tilfælde er stamtavlen her forskellig fra Josefs stamtavle i Matt. 1, idet den går tilbage til en anden af Davids sønner. af Eli, 24som var søn af Mattat. Mattat var søn af Levi, som var søn af Melki. Melki var søn af Jannaj, som var søn af Josef. 25Josef var søn af Mattatias, som var søn af Amos. Amos var søn af Nahum, som var søn af Esli. Esli var søn af Naggaj, 26som var søn af Mahat. Mahat var søn af Mattatias, som var søn af Shimi. Shimi var søn af Josek, som var søn af Joda. 27Joda var søn af Johanan, som var søn af Resa. Resa var søn af Zerubbabel, som var søn af Shealtiel. Shealtiel var søn af Neri, 28som var søn af Melki. Melki var søn af Addi, som var søn af Kosam. Kosam var søn af Elmadam, som var søn af Er. 29Er var søn af Josva, som var søn af Eliezer. Eliezer var søn af Jorim, som var søn af Mattat. Mattat var søn af Levi, 30som var søn af Simeon. Simeon var søn af Juda, som var søn af Josef. Josef var søn af Jonam, som var søn af Eljakim. 31Eljakim var søn af Melea, som var søn af Menna. Menna var søn af Mattata, som var søn af Natan. Natan var søn af David, 32som var søn af Isaj. Isaj var søn af Obed, som var søn af Boaz. Boaz var søn af Salma, som var søn af Nahshon, 33Nahshon var søn af Amminadab, som var søn af Admin. Admin var søn af Arni, som var søn af Hetzron. Hetzron var søn af Peretz, som var søn af Juda. 34Juda var søn af Jakob, som var søn af Isak. Isak var søn af Abraham, som var søn af Tera. Tera var søn af Nakor, 35som var søn af Zerug. Zerug var søn af Reu, som var søn af Peleg. Peleg var søn af Eber, som var søn af Shela. 36Shela var søn af Kenan, som var søn af Arpakshad. Arpakshad var søn af Sem, som var søn af Noa. Noa var søn af Lemek, 37som var søn af Metusalem. Metusalem var søn af Enok, som var søn af Jered. Jered var søn af Mahalalel, som var søn af Kenan. 38Kenan var søn af Enosh, som var søn af Set. Set var søn af Adam, som var søn af Gud.
1Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Cæsar, Pontius Pilate being governor of Judæa, and Herod being tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of Ituraea and of the region of Trachonitis, and Lysanias the tetrarch of Abilene, 2Annas and Caiaphas being the high priests, the word of God came unto John the son of Zacharias in the wilderness. 3And he came into all the country about Jordan, preaching the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins; 4As it is written in the book of the words of Esaias the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. 5Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low; and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough ways shall be made smooth; 6And all flesh shall see the salvation of God. 7Then said he to the multitude that came forth to be baptized of him, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come? 8Bring forth therefore fruits worthy of repentance, and begin not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, That God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham. 9And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: every tree therefore which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire. 10And the people asked him, saying, What shall we do then? 11He answereth and saith unto them, He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none; and he that hath meat, let him do likewise. 12Then came also publicans to be baptized, and said unto him, Master, what shall we do? 13And he said unto them, Exact no more than that which is appointed you. 14And the soldiers likewise demanded of him, saying, And what shall we do? And he said unto them, Do violence to no man, neither accuse any falsely; and be content with your wages. 15And as the people were in expectation, and all men mused in their hearts of John, whether he were the Christ, or not; 16John answered, saying unto them all, I indeed baptize you with water; but one mightier than I cometh, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to unloose: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire: 17Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and will gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable. 18And many other things in his exhortation preached he unto the people. 19But Herod the tetrarch, being reproved by him for Herodias his brother Philip’s wife, and for all the evils which Herod had done, 20Added yet this above all, that he shut up John in prison. 21Now when all the people were baptized, it came to pass, that Jesus also being baptized, and praying, the heaven was opened, 22And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased. 23And Jesus himself began to be about thirty years of age, being (as was supposed) the son of Joseph, which was the son of Heli, 24Which was the son of Matthat, which was the son of Levi, which was the son of Melchi, which was the son of Janna, which was the son of Joseph, 25Which was the son of Mattathias, which was the son of Amos, which was the son of Naum, which was the son of Esli, which was the son of Nagge, 26Which was the son of Maath, which was the son of Mattathias, which was the son of Semei, which was the son of Joseph, which was the son of Juda, 27Which was the son of Joanna, which was the son of Rhesa, which was the son of Zorobabel, which was the son of Salathiel, which was the son of Neri, 28Which was the son of Melchi, which was the son of Addi, which was the son of Cosam, which was the son of Elmodam, which was the son of Er, 29Which was the son of Jose, which was the son of Eliezer, which was the son of Jorim, which was the son of Matthat, which was the son of Levi, 30Which was the son of Simeon, which was the son of Juda, which was the son of Joseph, which was the son of Jonan, which was the son of Eliakim, 31Which was the son of Melea, which was the son of Menan, which was the son of Mattatha, which was the son of Nathan, which was the son of David, 32Which was the son of Jesse, which was the son of Obed, which was the son of Booz, which was the son of Salmon, which was the son of Naasson, 33Which was the son of Aminadab, which was the son of Aram, which was the son of Esrom, which was the son of Phares, which was the son of Juda, 34Which was the son of Jacob, which was the son of Isaac, which was the son of Abraham, which was the son of Thara, which was the son of Nachor, 35Which was the son of Saruch, which was the son of Ragau, which was the son of Phalec, which was the son of Heber, which was the son of Sala, 36Which was the son of Cainan, which was the son of Arphaxad, which was the son of Sem, which was the son of Noe, which was the son of Lamech, 37Which was the son of Mathusala, which was the son of Enoch, which was the son of Jared, which was the son of Maleleel, which was the son of Cainan, 38Which was the son of Enos, which was the son of Seth, which was the son of Adam, which was the son of God.
