Regler for rene og urene dyr
1Derefter sagde Herren til Moses og Aron: 2-3„Sig til Israels folk, at de dyr på landjorden, som må spises, indbefatter alle drøvtyggere med spaltede klove. 4Det vil sige, at følgende dyr regnes for urene, og de må ikke spises: Kamelen, som ganske vist tygger drøv, men ikke har spaltede klove, 5klippegrævlingen, som tygger drøv, men heller ikke har spaltede klove, 6haren, som tygger drøv, men som heller ikke har spaltede klove, 7svinet, som godt nok har spaltede klove, men ikke tygger drøv. 8I må ikke spise kød af disse dyr, eller røre dem, efter at de er døde, for I skal regne dem for urene.
9Med hensyn til fisk må I spise alt, hvad der har både finner og skæl, uanset om I fanger dem i floderne eller i havet. 10Men alle andre dyr, der lever i vandet, skal I regne for urene. 11I må hverken spise deres kød eller røre ved dem, når de er døde. 12Jeg gentager: Alle dyr, der lever i vandet, og som ikke har både finner og skæl, skal I regne for urene, og de må ikke spises.
13-19I må ikke spise følgende fugle: Ørne, gribbe, fiskeørne, de forskellige falke- og høgearter, krager og ravne, strudse, hornugler, måger, skarver, ibiser, rørhøns, ørkenugler, storke, de forskellige hejrearter og hærfugle.11,13-19 Betydningen af nogle af de hebraiske navne for fuglearter kendes ikke med sikkerhed. Flagermus er også urene og må ikke spises.
20-22I må ikke spise insekter, undtagen de forskellige arter af græshopper. 23Alle andre insekter skal I regne for urene.
24Alle, der kommer i berøring med et dødt, urent dyr, bliver selv urene. 25De skal vaske deres tøj med det samme og regnes for urene indtil samme aften.
26Det samme gælder for alle, der rører ved dyr, der ikke er drøvtyggere eller har spaltede klove: de er urene indtil om aftenen. 27Dyr med poter må I heller ikke spise. Hvis nogen rører et sådant dyr, når det er dødt, er de urene indtil aften. 28Hvis nogen bliver nødt til bære på et sådant dødt dyr, skal de straks vaske deres tøj, og de er så urene til om aftenen.
29-30Følgende smådyr skal I regne for urene: muldvarpe, mus, firben, gekkoer og kamæleoner.
31Enhver, der rører ved døde dyr af den slags, er uren indtil aften. 32Det samme gælder for ting, der kommer i berøring med sådanne døde dyr. De bliver urene. Hvis det drejer sig om en brugsgenstand af træ, tøj, skind eller sækkelærred, skal genstanden lægges i vand og regnes for uren indtil aften, men derefter kan den tages i brug igen. 33Hvis et sådant urent, dødt dyr falder ned i en lerkrukke med vand, skal vandet regnes for urent, og krukken skal knuses. 34Hvis noget af vandet sprøjter ud på nogle madvarer eller drikkevarer, skal de også regnes for urene.
35Hvis et sådant dødt dyr kommer i berøring med en lerovn eller et ildsted af ler, skal de rives ned, for de er blevet urene. 36Hvis dyret falder ned i en kilde eller et vandreservoir, bliver vandet ikke urent, men den, der fisker dyret op, bliver uren. 37Hvis det døde dyr kommer i berøring med såsæd, bliver sæden ikke uren derved, 38men hvis sæden er våd, og dyret falder ned i den, bliver sæden uren.
39Alle selvdøde dyr er urene, også de dyr, som ellers ikke er urene. Hvis nogen rører ved et selvdødt dyr, vil de være urene indtil aften. 40Hvis nogen spiser af dyrets kød eller bærer det døde dyr væk, skal de vaske deres tøj, og de er urene indtil om aftenen.
41-42Dyr, som kravler på jorden, er urene og må ikke spises. Det indbefatter alle krybdyr, som glider på deres bug, såvel som krybdyr med ben. Intet dyr, som kravler på fire eller flere ben, må spises, for et sådant dyr er urent. 43I må ikke engang røre ved et sådant dyr. Hvis I gør det, bliver I urene.
44-45Jeg er Herren, jeres Gud, som førte jer ud af Egypten. Gør ikke jer selv urene med disse ting, men vær hellige, for jeg er hellig. 46Disse love gælder jeres forhold til dyr og fugle inklusive alt, hvad der svømmer i vandet eller kravler på landjorden. 47Når I kender disse love, kan I skelne imellem, hvilke dyr, der er rene og kan spises, og hvilke dyr, der er urene og derfor ikke må spises.”
Clean and Unclean Food
1The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, 2“Say to the Israelites: ‘Of all the animals that live on land, these are the ones you may eat: 3You may eat any animal that has a divided hoof and that chews the cud.
4“ ‘There are some that only chew the cud or only have a divided hoof, but you must not eat them. The camel, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is ceremonially unclean for you. 5The hyrax, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you. 6The rabbit, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you. 7And the pig, though it has a divided hoof, does not chew the cud; it is unclean for you. 8You must not eat their meat or touch their carcasses; they are unclean for you.
9“ ‘Of all the creatures living in the water of the seas and the streams you may eat any that have fins and scales. 10But all creatures in the seas or streams that do not have fins and scales—whether among all the swarming things or among all the other living creatures in the water—you are to regard as unclean. 11And since you are to regard them as unclean, you must not eat their meat; you must regard their carcasses as unclean. 12Anything living in the water that does not have fins and scales is to be regarded as unclean by you.
13“ ‘These are the birds you are to regard as unclean and not eat because they are unclean: the eagle,11:13 The precise identification of some of the birds, insects and animals in this chapter is uncertain. the vulture, the black vulture, 14the red kite, any kind of black kite, 15any kind of raven, 16the horned owl, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk, 17the little owl, the cormorant, the great owl, 18the white owl, the desert owl, the osprey, 19the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe and the bat.
20“ ‘All flying insects that walk on all fours are to be regarded as unclean by you. 21There are, however, some flying insects that walk on all fours that you may eat: those that have jointed legs for hopping on the ground. 22Of these you may eat any kind of locust, katydid, cricket or grasshopper. 23But all other flying insects that have four legs you are to regard as unclean.
24“ ‘You will make yourselves unclean by these; whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening. 25Whoever picks up one of their carcasses must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening.
26“ ‘Every animal that does not have a divided hoof or that does not chew the cud is unclean for you; whoever touches the carcass of any of them will be unclean. 27Of all the animals that walk on all fours, those that walk on their paws are unclean for you; whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening. 28Anyone who picks up their carcasses must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening. These animals are unclean for you.
29“ ‘Of the animals that move along the ground, these are unclean for you: the weasel, the rat, any kind of great lizard, 30the gecko, the monitor lizard, the wall lizard, the skink and the chameleon. 31Of all those that move along the ground, these are unclean for you. Whoever touches them when they are dead will be unclean till evening. 32When one of them dies and falls on something, that article, whatever its use, will be unclean, whether it is made of wood, cloth, hide or sackcloth. Put it in water; it will be unclean till evening, and then it will be clean. 33If one of them falls into a clay pot, everything in it will be unclean, and you must break the pot. 34Any food you are allowed to eat that has come into contact with water from any such pot is unclean, and any liquid that is drunk from such a pot is unclean. 35Anything that one of their carcasses falls on becomes unclean; an oven or cooking pot must be broken up. They are unclean, and you are to regard them as unclean. 36A spring, however, or a cistern for collecting water remains clean, but anyone who touches one of these carcasses is unclean. 37If a carcass falls on any seeds that are to be planted, they remain clean. 38But if water has been put on the seed and a carcass falls on it, it is unclean for you.
39“ ‘If an animal that you are allowed to eat dies, anyone who touches its carcass will be unclean till evening. 40Anyone who eats some of its carcass must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening. Anyone who picks up the carcass must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening.
41“ ‘Every creature that moves along the ground is to be regarded as unclean; it is not to be eaten. 42You are not to eat any creature that moves along the ground, whether it moves on its belly or walks on all fours or on many feet; it is unclean. 43Do not defile yourselves by any of these creatures. Do not make yourselves unclean by means of them or be made unclean by them. 44I am the Lord your God; consecrate yourselves and be holy, because I am holy. Do not make yourselves unclean by any creature that moves along the ground. 45I am the Lord, who brought you up out of Egypt to be your God; therefore be holy, because I am holy.
46“ ‘These are the regulations concerning animals, birds, every living thing that moves about in the water and every creature that moves along the ground. 47You must distinguish between the unclean and the clean, between living creatures that may be eaten and those that may not be eaten.’ ”
