David and Goliath
1Now the Philistines gathered their forces for war and assembled at Sokoh in Judah. They pitched camp at Ephes Dammim, between Sokoh and Azekah. 2Saul and the Israelites assembled and camped in the Valley of Elah and drew up their battle line to meet the Philistines. 3The Philistines occupied one hill and the Israelites another, with the valley between them.
4A champion named Goliath, who was from Gath, came out of the Philistine camp. His height was six cubits and a span.17:4 That is, about 3 metres 5He had a bronze helmet on his head and wore a coat of scale armour of bronze weighing five thousand shekels17:5 That is, about 58 kilograms; 6on his legs he wore bronze greaves, and a bronze javelin was slung on his back. 7His spear shaft was like a weaver’s rod, and its iron point weighed six hundred shekels.17:7 That is, about 6.9 kilograms His shield-bearer went ahead of him.
8Goliath stood and shouted to the ranks of Israel, ‘Why do you come out and line up for battle? Am I not a Philistine, and are you not the servants of Saul? Choose a man and let him come down to me. 9If he is able to fight and kill me, we will become your subjects; but if I overcome him and kill him, you will become our subjects and serve us.’ 10Then the Philistine said, ‘This day I defy the armies of Israel! Give me a man and let us fight each other.’ 11On hearing the Philistine’s words, Saul and all the Israelites were dismayed and terrified.
12Now David was the son of an Ephrathite named Jesse, who was from Bethlehem in Judah. Jesse had eight sons, and in Saul’s time he was very old. 13Jesse’s three eldest sons had followed Saul to the war: the firstborn was Eliab; the second, Abinadab; and the third, Shammah. 14David was the youngest. The three eldest followed Saul, 15but David went back and forth from Saul to tend his father’s sheep at Bethlehem.
16For forty days the Philistine came forward every morning and evening and took his stand.
17Now Jesse said to his son David, ‘Take this ephah17:17 That is, probably about 16 kilograms of roasted grain and these ten loaves of bread for your brothers and hurry to their camp. 18Take along these ten cheeses to the commander of their unit. See how your brothers are and bring back some assurance17:18 Or some token; or some pledge of spoils from them. 19They are with Saul and all the men of Israel in the Valley of Elah, fighting against the Philistines.’
20Early in the morning David left the flock in the care of a shepherd, loaded up and set out, as Jesse had directed. He reached the camp as the army was going out to its battle positions, shouting the war cry. 21Israel and the Philistines were drawing up their lines facing each other. 22David left his things with the keeper of supplies, ran to the battle lines and asked his brothers how they were. 23As he was talking with them, Goliath, the Philistine champion from Gath, stepped out from his lines and shouted his usual defiance, and David heard it. 24Whenever the Israelites saw the man, they all fled from him in great fear.
25Now the Israelites had been saying, ‘Do you see how this man keeps coming out? He comes out to defy Israel. The king will give great wealth to the man who kills him. He will also give him his daughter in marriage and will exempt his family from taxes in Israel.’
26David asked the men standing near him, ‘What will be done for the man who kills this Philistine and removes this disgrace from Israel? Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should defy the armies of the living God?’
27They repeated to him what they had been saying and told him, ‘This is what will be done for the man who kills him.’
28When Eliab, David’s eldest brother, heard him speaking with the men, he burned with anger at him and asked, ‘Why have you come down here? And with whom did you leave those few sheep in the wilderness? I know how conceited you are and how wicked your heart is; you came down only to watch the battle.’
29‘Now what have I done?’ said David. ‘Can’t I even speak?’ 30He then turned away to someone else and brought up the same matter, and the men answered him as before. 31What David said was overheard and reported to Saul, and Saul sent for him.
32David said to Saul, ‘Let no-one lose heart on account of this Philistine; your servant will go and fight him.’
33Saul replied, ‘You are not able to go out against this Philistine and fight him; you are only a young man, and he has been a warrior from his youth.’
34But David said to Saul, ‘Your servant has been keeping his father’s sheep. When a lion or a bear came and carried off a sheep from the flock, 35I went after it, struck it and rescued the sheep from its mouth. When it turned on me, I seized it by its hair, struck it and killed it. 36Your servant has killed both the lion and the bear; this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, because he has defied the armies of the living God. 37The Lord who rescued me from the paw of the lion and the paw of the bear will rescue me from the hand of this Philistine.’
Saul said to David, ‘Go, and the Lord be with you.’
38Then Saul dressed David in his own tunic. He put a coat of armour on him and a bronze helmet on his head. 39David fastened on his sword over the tunic and tried walking around, because he was not used to them.
‘I cannot go in these,’ he said to Saul, ‘because I am not used to them.’ So he took them off. 40Then he took his staff in his hand, chose five smooth stones from the stream, put them in the pouch of his shepherd’s bag and, with his sling in his hand, approached the Philistine.
41Meanwhile, the Philistine, with his shield-bearer in front of him, kept coming closer to David. 42He looked David over and saw that he was little more than a boy, glowing with health and handsome, and he despised him. 43He said to David, ‘Am I a dog, that you come at me with sticks?’ And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. 44‘Come here,’ he said, ‘and I’ll give your flesh to the birds and the wild animals!’
45David said to the Philistine, ‘You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the Lord Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. 46This day the Lord will deliver you into my hands, and I’ll strike you down and cut off your head. This very day I will give the carcasses of the Philistine army to the birds and the wild animals, and the whole world will know that there is a God in Israel. 47All those gathered here will know that it is not by sword or spear that the Lord saves; for the battle is the Lord’s, and he will give all of you into our hands.’
48As the Philistine moved closer to attack him, David ran quickly towards the battle line to meet him. 49Reaching into his bag and taking out a stone, he slung it and struck the Philistine on the forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell face down on the ground.
50So David triumphed over the Philistine with a sling and a stone; without a sword in his hand he struck down the Philistine and killed him.
51David ran and stood over him. He took hold of the Philistine’s sword and drew it from the sheath. After he killed him, he cut off his head with the sword.
When the Philistines saw that their hero was dead, they turned and ran. 52Then the men of Israel and Judah surged forward with a shout and pursued the Philistines to the entrance of Gath17:52 Some Septuagint manuscripts; Hebrew of a valley and to the gates of Ekron. Their dead were strewn along the Shaaraim road to Gath and Ekron. 53When the Israelites returned from chasing the Philistines, they plundered their camp.
54David took the Philistine’s head and brought it to Jerusalem; he put the Philistine’s weapons in his own tent.
55As Saul watched David going out to meet the Philistine, he said to Abner, commander of the army, ‘Abner, whose son is that young man?’
Abner replied, ‘As surely as you live, Your Majesty, I don’t know.’
56The king said, ‘Find out whose son this young man is.’
57As soon as David returned from killing the Philistine, Abner took him and brought him before Saul, with David still holding the Philistine’s head.
58‘Whose son are you, young man?’ Saul asked him.
David said, ‘I am the son of your servant Jesse of Bethlehem.’
Goliat udfordrer Israel
1Filistrene samlede igen deres hær for at gå i krig. De samledes i Soko i Juda og slog lejr i Efes-Dammim mellem Soko og Azeka. 2Saul og israelitterne samledes og slog lejr ved Elahdalen, og de gjorde sig klar til kamp. 3Filistrene og israelitterne stod således ansigt til ansigt på hver sin bjergskråning med kun dalen imellem sig.
4Filistrene havde en kriger, Goliat fra Gat, som var næsten tre meter høj. 5Hans rustning bestod af en hjelm af bronze, et brystpanser af bronze, der vejede over 50 kilo,17,5 På hebraisk: „5000 shekel”. En shekel menes at veje ca. 11 gram på dette tidspunkt. 6og benskinner af bronze. På ryggen bar han et kastespyd af bronze. 7Skaftet på hans kampspyd var flere tommer tykt og med en spydspids af jern, der vejede næsten syv kilo. Foran ham gik hans våbendrager med et stort skjold.
8Goliat trådte frem foran de øvrige filistre og råbte over til israelitterne: „Hvorfor har I stillet hele hæren op til kamp? Vi kan da bare ordne sagen ved en lille tvekamp! Jeg er filistrenes største krigshelt. I er selvfølgelig kun Sauls slaver, men vælg bare en af jeres mænd til at komme herned og kæmpe med mig. 9Hvis han vinder over mig og slår mig ihjel, bliver vi jeres slaver. Men hvis jeg vinder over ham og slår ham ihjel, bliver I vores slaver. 10Jeg udfordrer Israels hær til at sende en mand her hen til mig, hvis I altså tør.” 11Da Saul og israelitterne hørte, hvad Goliat sagde, blev de skrækslagne og tabte fuldstændig modet. 12-16Det samme gentog sig i 40 dage. Hver eneste morgen og aften trådte kæmpen frem og udfordrede israelitterne.
Nu havde David jo syv ældre brødre, der alle var sønner af Isaj, som boede i Betlehem i Judas stammeområde. De tre ældste—Eliab, Abinadab og Shamma—var med i Sauls hær. David, der var yngst, tjente hos Saul, men var netop nu i Betlehem, hvor han hjalp sin gamle far med at vogte fårene og gederne.
17En dag sagde Isaj til David: „Tag den her sæk ristede korn og de her ti brød med til dine brødre i Sauls hær, 18og giv de her ti stykker ost til deres anfører. Find ud af, hvordan dine brødre har det, og sørg for at bringe et brev eller noget andet med tilbage fra dem. 19De er sammen med Saul og hele hæren i Elahdalen.”
20David overlod så fårene til en anden hyrde, og tidligt næste morgen tog han af sted. Han ankom til udkanten af lejren, netop som hæren var ved at stille op til kamp og udstødte kampråbet. 21Israelitterne og filistrene stillede op over for hinanden på hver sin side af dalen. 22David efterlod sin bagage hos manden, der havde opsyn med forsyningerne, og skyndte sig ud for at finde sine brødre. 23Mens han talte med dem, trådte Goliat frem og stillede sig op foran filisterhæren, og David hørte, hvordan han råbte sin udfordring til israelitterne. 24Så snart Israels krigere så ham, flygtede de skrækslagne.
25„Sikken en kæmpe,” sagde krigerne til hinanden, „han kommer hver dag for at håne Israels hær. Kongen har udlovet en belønning til den, der slår kæmpen ihjel. Han bliver rig, han får kongens datter til kone, og hele hans slægt bliver fritaget for at betale skat.”
26David henvendte sig nu til nogle af de omkringstående og spurgte: „Hvad får den mand, der slår filisteren ihjel og gør en ende på hans forhånelser? Hvem er egentlig denne ugudelige, uomskårne filister, der tror, han kan tillade sig at håne den levende Guds hær?” 27Han fik det samme svar igen om den udlovede dusør.
28Men da Davids ældste bror, Eliab, hørte, hvad David talte med mændene om, blev han vred. „Hvad bestiller du egentlig her?” skældte han. „Har du efterladt de stakkels får i ørkenen? Jeg kender dig. Du er både hovmodig og selvisk. Du er bare kommet for at se på kampen.”
29„Hvad har jeg nu gjort?” forsvarede David sig. „Der er vel ikke noget forkert i at spørge?”
30Så gik han hen til nogle andre mænd og stillede samme spørgsmål. De gav ham det samme svar.
David kæmper mod Goliat
31Det rygtedes hurtigt i lejren, hvad David havde sagt. Da kong Saul fik det at vide, sendte han bud efter ham.
32„Du må ikke lade dig slå ud af den overmodige filister,” sagde David til Saul. „Jeg skal nok gøre det af med ham.”
33„Det kan du ikke,” sukkede Saul. „Du er ung og uerfaren, mens den mand har været kriger fra sin ungdom af.”
34Men David svarede: „Jeg har i årevis vogtet min fars får. Hvis der kom en løve eller en bjørn og tog et lam fra hjorden, 35løb jeg efter dyret, fældede det med min slynge og rev lammet ud af gabet på det. Hvis dyret så angreb mig, greb jeg fat i dets pels og slog det ihjel. 36Jeg har slået både løver og bjørne ihjel, og nu skal det gå den her uomskårne filister på samme måde, for han har udfordret den levende Guds hær. 37Den Gud, som frelste mig fra løvers og bjørnes kløer, vil også hjælpe mig imod den filister.”
„Godt,” svarede Saul, „så gå imod ham. Og må Herren være med dig.”
38Saul gav nu David sin egen rustning med både bronzehjelm og brynje. 39David spændte bæltet med sværdet om livet, men han kunne ikke bevæge sig med alt det på. Han havde jo aldrig prøvet det før. „Jeg kan dårligt bevæge mig i den mundering,” sagde han og tog det hele af igen. 40I stedet udvalgte han sig fem glatte sten ved bækken og lagde dem i sin hyrdetaske, og med sin hyrdestav og sin slynge gik han Goliat i møde. 41-42Goliat kom gående hen imod David med skjoldbæreren foran sig. Da han fik øje på ham, snerrede han i foragt over den lille rødmossede fyr, der vovede sig frem imod ham.
43„Hvad regner du mig for? En hund?” brølede han til David. „Du kommer jo imod mig med en kæp!” Så forbandede han David ved alle sine guder 44og tilføjede: „Kom herhen, så skal jeg gøre dig til føde for fuglene og de vilde dyr!”
45Men David råbte tilbage: „Du kommer imod mig med sværd, spyd og lanse, men jeg kommer imod dig i Herrens navn! Du har hånet ham, skønt han er Anføreren for de himmelske hære og for Israels styrker! 46Derfor vil Herren gøre det af med dig i dag. Jeg vil slå dig ihjel og hugge hovedet af dig, så det er dig og dine folk, der bliver til føde for fuglene og de vilde dyr. På den måde får hele verden at se, at der er en Gud i Israel! 47Og Israel skal lære, at Herren ikke giver sejr ved sværd og spyd, når han vil gennemføre sine planer. I dag vil han udlevere jer til os.”
48Da Goliat nærmede sig, løb David ham i møde. 49Han stak hånden i sin hyrdetaske, fiskede en sten op, slyngede den rundt og lod den flyve mod filisterens hoved. Stenen borede sig ind i Goliats pande, og han faldt næsegrus til jorden. 50Sådan fældede David filisterkæmpen med en sten fra sin slynge. Da han ikke havde noget sværd, 51løb han hen og trak Goliats sværd af skeden og huggede hovedet af kæmpen. Ved det syn gik der panik i filisterhæren. De vendte om og tog flugten, da det gik op for dem, at deres helt var død.
52Da udstødte Israels og Judas mænd et krigshyl og stormede efter filistrene, og de forfulgte dem helt til Gat og Ekrons byporte. Døde og sårede filistre lå spredt fra Sha’arajim til Gat og Ekron. 53Derefter vendte israelitterne tilbage og plyndrede filistrenes rømmede lejr. 54Men David sikrede sig Goliats hoved og tog det senere med til Jerusalem, mens filisterens våben blev anbragt i hans telt.17,54 Teksten er uklar. Muligvis henviser „hans telt” til Herrens telt, som åbenbart var blevet flyttet fra Shilo til Nob, lige øst for Jerusalem, jf. 1.Sam. 21,9. Arken befandt sig på dette tidspunkt stadig i Kirjat-Jearim. Byen Jerusalem var endnu ikke indtaget af israelitterne.
55Dengang Saul så David gå imod kæmpen Goliat, spurgte han sin hærfører Abner: „Abner, hvilken familie er det nu den der unge fyr kommer fra?” „Jeg aner det ikke,” svarede Abner. 56„Så find ud af det!” sagde kongen. 57Efter at David havde dræbt Goliat, og han kom tilbage med kæmpens hoved i hånden, førte Abner ham straks til Saul. 58„Sig mig, unge mand,” sagde Saul, „hvem er din far?” David svarede: „Jeg er søn af Isaj, der bor i Betlehem.”
