Pharaoh’s Dreams
1When two full years had passed, Pharaoh had a dream: He was standing by the Nile, 2when out of the river there came up seven cows, sleek and fat, and they grazed among the reeds. 3After them, seven other cows, ugly and gaunt, came up out of the Nile and stood beside those on the riverbank. 4And the cows that were ugly and gaunt ate up the seven sleek, fat cows. Then Pharaoh woke up.
5He fell asleep again and had a second dream: Seven heads of grain, healthy and good, were growing on a single stalk. 6After them, seven other heads of grain sprouted—thin and scorched by the east wind. 7The thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven healthy, full heads. Then Pharaoh woke up; it had been a dream.
8In the morning his mind was troubled, so he sent for all the magicians and wise men of Egypt. Pharaoh told them his dreams, but no one could interpret them for him.
9Then the chief cupbearer said to Pharaoh, “Today I am reminded of my shortcomings. 10Pharaoh was once angry with his servants, and he imprisoned me and the chief baker in the house of the captain of the guard. 11Each of us had a dream the same night, and each dream had a meaning of its own. 12Now a young Hebrew was there with us, a servant of the captain of the guard. We told him our dreams, and he interpreted them for us, giving each man the interpretation of his dream. 13And things turned out exactly as he interpreted them to us: I was restored to my position, and the other man was impaled.”
14So Pharaoh sent for Joseph, and he was quickly brought from the dungeon. When he had shaved and changed his clothes, he came before Pharaoh.
15Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I had a dream, and no one can interpret it. But I have heard it said of you that when you hear a dream you can interpret it.”
16“I cannot do it,” Joseph replied to Pharaoh, “but God will give Pharaoh the answer he desires.”
17Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “In my dream I was standing on the bank of the Nile, 18when out of the river there came up seven cows, fat and sleek, and they grazed among the reeds. 19After them, seven other cows came up—scrawny and very ugly and lean. I had never seen such ugly cows in all the land of Egypt. 20The lean, ugly cows ate up the seven fat cows that came up first. 21But even after they ate them, no one could tell that they had done so; they looked just as ugly as before. Then I woke up.
22“In my dream I saw seven heads of grain, full and good, growing on a single stalk. 23After them, seven other heads sprouted—withered and thin and scorched by the east wind. 24The thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven good heads. I told this to the magicians, but none of them could explain it to me.”
25Then Joseph said to Pharaoh, “The dreams of Pharaoh are one and the same. God has revealed to Pharaoh what he is about to do. 26The seven good cows are seven years, and the seven good heads of grain are seven years; it is one and the same dream. 27The seven lean, ugly cows that came up afterward are seven years, and so are the seven worthless heads of grain scorched by the east wind: They are seven years of famine.
28“It is just as I said to Pharaoh: God has shown Pharaoh what he is about to do. 29Seven years of great abundance are coming throughout the land of Egypt, 30but seven years of famine will follow them. Then all the abundance in Egypt will be forgotten, and the famine will ravage the land. 31The abundance in the land will not be remembered, because the famine that follows it will be so severe. 32The reason the dream was given to Pharaoh in two forms is that the matter has been firmly decided by God, and God will do it soon.
33“And now let Pharaoh look for a discerning and wise man and put him in charge of the land of Egypt. 34Let Pharaoh appoint commissioners over the land to take a fifth of the harvest of Egypt during the seven years of abundance. 35They should collect all the food of these good years that are coming and store up the grain under the authority of Pharaoh, to be kept in the cities for food. 36This food should be held in reserve for the country, to be used during the seven years of famine that will come upon Egypt, so that the country may not be ruined by the famine.”
37The plan seemed good to Pharaoh and to all his officials. 38So Pharaoh asked them, “Can we find anyone like this man, one in whom is the spirit of God41:38 Or of the gods?”
39Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Since God has made all this known to you, there is no one so discerning and wise as you. 40You shall be in charge of my palace, and all my people are to submit to your orders. Only with respect to the throne will I be greater than you.”
Joseph in Charge of Egypt
41So Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I hereby put you in charge of the whole land of Egypt.” 42Then Pharaoh took his signet ring from his finger and put it on Joseph’s finger. He dressed him in robes of fine linen and put a gold chain around his neck. 43He had him ride in a chariot as his second-in-command,41:43 Or in the chariot of his second-in-command; or in his second chariot and people shouted before him, “Make way41:43 Or Bow down!” Thus he put him in charge of the whole land of Egypt.
44Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh, but without your word no one will lift hand or foot in all Egypt.” 45Pharaoh gave Joseph the name Zaphenath-Paneah and gave him Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On,41:45 That is, Heliopolis; also in verse 50 to be his wife. And Joseph went throughout the land of Egypt.
46Joseph was thirty years old when he entered the service of Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from Pharaoh’s presence and traveled throughout Egypt. 47During the seven years of abundance the land produced plentifully. 48Joseph collected all the food produced in those seven years of abundance in Egypt and stored it in the cities. In each city he put the food grown in the fields surrounding it. 49Joseph stored up huge quantities of grain, like the sand of the sea; it was so much that he stopped keeping records because it was beyond measure.
50Before the years of famine came, two sons were born to Joseph by Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On. 51Joseph named his firstborn Manasseh41:51 Manasseh sounds like and may be derived from the Hebrew for forget. and said, “It is because God has made me forget all my trouble and all my father’s household.” 52The second son he named Ephraim41:52 Ephraim sounds like the Hebrew for twice fruitful. and said, “It is because God has made me fruitful in the land of my suffering.”
53The seven years of abundance in Egypt came to an end, 54and the seven years of famine began, just as Joseph had said. There was famine in all the other lands, but in the whole land of Egypt there was food. 55When all Egypt began to feel the famine, the people cried to Pharaoh for food. Then Pharaoh told all the Egyptians, “Go to Joseph and do what he tells you.”
56When the famine had spread over the whole country, Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold grain to the Egyptians, for the famine was severe throughout Egypt. 57And all the world came to Egypt to buy grain from Joseph, because the famine was severe everywhere.
Josef tyder Faraos drømme
1To år senere drømte Farao en nat, at han stod på Nilens bred. 2Pludselig kom der syv smukke og fede køer op af floden og gav sig til at græsse på flodbredden. 3Derefter kom der endnu syv køer op af floden, men de var grimme og magre. De stillede sig ved siden af de syv første køer på flodbredden, 4og de syv grimme og magre køer åd de syv smukke og fede køer. I samme øjeblik vågnede Farao.
5Lidt efter faldt han igen i søvn og havde en anden drøm. Denne gang så han syv fulde og modne aks vokse frem på et og samme strå. 6Pludselig voksede der syv aks mere frem på strået, men de var tynde og helt indtørrede af østenvinden. 7De visne aks opslugte de fulde aks. Da vågnede Farao og blev klar over, at han havde drømt noget betydningsfuldt.
8Drømmene bekymrede ham, så om morgenen sendte han bud efter alle Egyptens vise mænd og drømmetydere og fortalte dem, hvad han havde drømt. Men ingen af dem kunne tyde drømmene for ham. 9Da tog mundskænken ordet: „Jeg er kommet i tanker om noget, der skete for længe siden,” sagde han til Farao. 10„Dengang du var vred på hofbageren og mig og kastede os i fængsel, 11da skete det en nat, at både bageren og jeg havde en drøm, og begge drømme havde en betydning. 12I fængslet var der en ung hebræisk slave, som arbejdede for livvagtens øverstbefalende. Ham fortalte vi vores drømme, og han tydede dem for os. 13Og det gik nøjagtig, som han sagde: Jeg fik mit gamle job tilbage, og hofbageren blev henrettet.”
14Farao sendte straks bud efter Josef. Han blev hurtigt taget ud af fængslet, blev barberet og fik pænt tøj på. Så blev han ført frem for Farao. 15„I nat havde jeg en drøm,” begyndte Farao. „Ingen af de her mænd kan tyde den, men jeg har hørt, at du kun behøver at høre en drøm, så kan du tyde den.”
16„Jeg kan ikke tyde drømme,” svarede Josef, „men Gud vil åbenbare for Farao, hvad drømmen betyder.”
17Så fortalte Farao ham sin drøm. „Jeg stod ved Nilens bred,” sagde han. 18„Pludselig så jeg syv fede og velplejede køer stige op af floden, og de begyndte straks at græsse på bredden. 19Bagefter steg der syv magre og forsømte køer op af floden, de var så radmagre, at jeg aldrig har set noget lignende i hele Egypten. 20Og de magre og grimme køer åd de syv fede køer, 21men da de havde ædt dem, var de stadig lige magre. Så vågnede jeg.”
22„Lidt senere havde jeg endnu en drøm,” fortsatte Farao. „Denne gang så jeg syv fulde og modne aks på et og samme strå. 23Men lidt efter skød der syv tynde og visne aks frem på strået, helt udtørrede af østenvinden. 24Og de visne aks opslugte de fulde aks. Jeg har fortalt de to drømme til drømmetyderne, men ingen af dem kunne tyde dem for mig.”
25„Begge drømme betyder det samme,” sagde Josef. „Gennem dem har Gud ladet Farao vide, hvad der vil ske i den nærmeste fremtid. 26De syv fede køer og de syv fulde aks svarer til hinanden. De betyder syv gode år. 27De syv magre køer og de syv visne aks svarer ligeledes til hinanden. De betyder syv år med hungersnød. 28Som jeg sagde før, har Gud med disse drømme afsløret for Farao, hvad han vil gøre i den nærmeste fremtid: 29I de næste syv år vil hele Egypten opleve stor overflod, 30men bagefter kommer der en syvårig periode med hungersnød, og man vil glemme, at der var overflod i Egypten. Hungersnøden vil hærge hele jorden. 31Man vil glemme overfloden, fordi hungersnøden bliver så hård. 32At Farao drømte to gange, betyder, at Guds beslutning står fast og at det, han har vist Farao, snart vil ske. 33Derfor vil jeg foreslå, at Farao finder en klog og dygtig mand og lader ham administrere et landsomfattende projekt. 34Udnævn derefter embedsmænd i alle distrikter med ansvar for at indsamle en femtedel af alt høstudbyttet i de syv gode år. 35Lad dem indsamle høstudbyttet og oplagre det i de aflåste kongelige kornmagasiner i byerne. 36På den måde vil der være nok at spise, når de syv års hungersnød kommer over Egypten, og en sultkatastrofe kan afværges.”
Josef bliver guvernør i Egypten
37Farao og hans embedsmænd syntes godt om Josefs forslag, 38og Farao udbrød: „Hvem er vel bedre egnet til opgaven end Josef? Han er jo fyldt med Guds Ånd!” 39Så vendte Farao sig mod Josef og sagde: „Siden Gud har åbenbaret drømmenes betydning for dig, må du være den klogeste mand i landet. 40Derfor giver jeg dig ansvar for mit palads og udnævner dig til at lede det store projekt. Dit ord skal være lov i Egypten. Kun jeg selv skal stå over dig. 41Jeg gør dig hermed til guvernør og øverste leder for hele Egypten.” 42Så tog Farao sin signetring af og satte den på Josefs finger som et tegn på hans autoritet. Han gav ham også smukke klæder og hængte den kongelige guldkæde om hans hals. 43Farao gav ham tilmed sin næstbedste vogn at køre i. Hvor som helst Josef kom frem, blev der råbt: „Giv plads!”41,43 Der bruges et egyptisk ord, hvis mening ikke kendes med sikkerhed. Det betyder muligvis: „bøj jer”, „giv plads” eller „vær velsignet”. I alle tilfælde angiver det Josefs høje position.
Således gjorde Farao Josef til øverste leder i Egypten, 44og han sagde til ham: „Jeg, Farao, konge af Egypten, sværger herved, at ingen i hele Egypten må foretage sig noget som helst uden din tilladelse.” 45Farao gav ham også et egyptisk navn: Safenat-Panea, og han gav ham Asenat til kone. Hun var en datter af Potifera, der var præst for solguden Ra i Heliopolis. Josef fik således ansvar for hele Egypten. 46Han var 30 år gammel, da han kom i kong Faraos tjeneste, og han rejste omkring i hele Egypten for at inspicere landet.
47De følgende syv år var der ganske rigtigt rekordhøst over alt i Egypten. 48I løbet af de syv år tog Josef en del af alt, hvad der blev høstet i Egypten, og oplagrede det i de kongelige kornmagasiner i byerne. 49Som årene gik, fyldtes kornmagasinerne til overflod. Der var så meget korn, som der er sand på stranden, så til sidst opgav man helt at holde regnskab med, hvor meget der var.
50I den periode—altså inden hungersnøden kom—fik Josef og Asenat, præsten Potiferas datter, to sønner. 51Josef kaldte sin ældste søn Manasse,41,51 På hebraisk ordspil med „at få til at glemme”. for han sagde: „Gud har ladet mig glemme min familie og al min ulykke.” 52Sin anden søn kaldte han Efraim,41,52 På hebraisk ordspil med „gøre rig”. for han sagde: „Gud har gjort mig rig her i det land, hvor jeg har lidt så meget.”
53Så endte de syv overflodsår, 54og hungersnødens syv år begyndte, nøjagtig som Josef havde forudsagt. Hungersnøden ramte alle lande, men i Egypten var der masser af korn i reservelagrene. 55Da nu egypterne begyndte at sulte, bad de Farao om mad. Men Farao sagde: „Henvend jer til Josef, og gør som han siger.”
56Så da hungersnøden blev rigtig alvorlig, åbnede Josef for kornmagasinerne og solgte korn til egypterne. 57Også folk fra de omliggende lande kom til Egypten for at købe korn af Josef, for der var streng hungersnød i hele verden.