Josiah Promises Again to Obey the Covenant
1Then the king called together all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem. 2He went up to the Lord’s temple. The people of Judah and Jerusalem went with him. So did the priests and prophets. All of them went, from the least important of them to the most important. The king had all the words of the Book of the Covenant read to them. The book had been found in the Lord’s temple. 3The king stood next to his pillar. He agreed to the terms of the covenant in front of the Lord. The king promised to serve the Lord and obey his commands, directions and rules. He promised to obey them with all his heart and with all his soul. So he agreed to the terms of the covenant written down in that book. Then all the people committed themselves to the covenant as well.
4Certain things in the Lord’s temple had been made to honor other gods. They were the god named Baal, the female god named Asherah and all the stars in the sky. The king ordered Hilkiah the high priest to remove those things. The king ordered the priests who were next in rank and the men who guarded the doors to help Hilkiah. Josiah took those things that had been in the Lord’s temple and burned them outside Jerusalem. He burned them in the fields in the Kidron Valley. And he took the ashes to Bethel. 5Josiah got rid of the priests who served other gods. The kings of Judah had appointed those priests to burn incense. They burned the incense on the high places of the towns of Judah. And they burned it on the high places around Jerusalem. They burned incense to honor Baal and the sun and moon. They burned it to honor all the stars. 6Josiah removed the Asherah pole from the Lord’s temple. It had been used to worship the female god named Asherah. He took it to the Kidron Valley outside Jerusalem. There he burned it. He ground it into powder. And he scattered it over the graves of the ordinary people. 7He also tore down the rooms where the male temple prostitutes stayed. Those rooms were in the Lord’s temple. Women had made cloth for Asherah in them.
8Josiah brought all the priests from the towns of Judah and destroyed the high places. He destroyed them from Geba all the way to Beersheba. The priests had burned incense on them. Josiah broke down the gate at the entrance of the Gate of Joshua. It was on the left side of Jerusalem’s city gate. Joshua was the city governor. 9The priests of the high places didn’t serve at the Lord’s altar in Jerusalem. In spite of that, they ate with the other priests. All of them ate bread made without yeast.
10Josiah destroyed the high place at Topheth in the Valley of Ben Hinnom. He didn’t want anyone to use the high place to sacrifice his son or daughter in the fire to the god named Molek. 11Josiah removed the statues of horses from the entrance to the Lord’s temple. The kings of Judah had set them apart to honor the sun. The statues were in the courtyard. They were near the room of an official named Nathan-Melek. Josiah burned the chariots that had been set apart to honor the sun.
12He pulled down the altars the kings of Judah had set up. They had put them on the palace roof near the upstairs room of Ahaz. Josiah also pulled down the altars Manasseh had built. They were in the two courtyards of the Lord’s temple. Josiah removed the altars from there. He smashed them to pieces. Then he threw the broken pieces into the Kidron Valley. 13The king also destroyed the high places that were east of Jerusalem. They were at the southern end of the Mount of Olives. They were the ones Solomon, the king of Israel, had built. He had built a high place for worshiping Ashtoreth. She was the evil female god of the people of Sidon. Solomon had also built one for worshiping Chemosh. He was the evil god of Moab. And Solomon had built one for worshiping Molek. He was the god of the people of Ammon. The Lord hated that god. 14Josiah smashed the sacred stones. He cut down the poles used to worship the female god named Asherah. Then he covered all those places with human bones.
15There was an altar at Bethel. It was at the high place made by Jeroboam, the son of Nebat. Jeroboam had caused Israel to commit sin. Even that altar and high place were destroyed by Josiah. He burned the high place. He ground it into powder. He also burned the Asherah pole. 16Then Josiah looked around. He saw the tombs on the side of the hill. He had the bones removed from them. And he burned them on the altar to make it “unclean.” That’s what the Lord had said would happen. He had spoken that message through a man of God. The man had announced those things long before they took place.
17The king asked, “What’s that stone on the grave over there?”
The people of the city said, “It marks the tomb where the man of God is buried. He came from Judah. He spoke against the altar at Bethel. He announced the very things you have done to it.”
18“Leave it alone,” Josiah said. “Don’t let anyone touch his bones.” So they spared his bones. They also spared the bones of the prophet who had come from the northern kingdom of Israel.
19Josiah did in the rest of the northern kingdom the same things he had done at Bethel. He removed all the small temples at the high places. He made them “unclean.” The kings of Israel had built them in the towns of the northern kingdom. The people in those towns had made the Lord very angry. 20Josiah killed all the priests of those high places on the altars. He burned human bones on the altars. Then he went back to Jerusalem.
21The king gave an order to all the people. He said, “Celebrate the Passover Feast to honor the Lord your God. Do what is written in this Book of the Covenant.” 22A Passover Feast like that one had not been held for a long time. There hadn’t been any like it in the days of the judges who led Israel. And there hadn’t been any like it during the whole time the kings of Israel and Judah were ruling. 23King Josiah celebrated the Passover Feast in Jerusalem to honor the Lord. It was in the 18th year of his rule.
24And that’s not all. Josiah got rid of those who got messages from people who had died. He got rid of those who talked to the spirits of people who had died. He got rid of the statues of family gods and the statues of other gods. He got rid of everything else the Lord hates that was in Judah and Jerusalem. He did it to carry out what the law required. That law was written in the book that Hilkiah the priest had found in the Lord’s temple. 25There was no king like Josiah either before him or after him. None of them turned to the Lord as he did. He obeyed the Lord with all his heart and all his soul. He obeyed him with all his strength. He did everything the Law of Moses required.
26In spite of that, the Lord didn’t turn away from his great anger against Judah. That’s because of everything Manasseh had done to make him very angry. 27So the Lord said, “I will remove Judah from my land. I will do to them what I did to Israel. I will turn my back on Jerusalem. It is the city I chose. I will also turn my back on this temple. I spoke about it. I said, ‘I will put my Name there.’ ” (1 Kings 8:29)
28The other events of the rule of Josiah are written down. Everything he did is written in the official records of the kings of Judah.
29Pharaoh Necho was king of Egypt. He marched up to the Euphrates River. He went there to help the king of Assyria. It happened while Josiah was king. Josiah marched out to meet Necho in battle. When Necho saw him at Megiddo, he killed him. 30Josiah’s servants brought his body in a chariot from Megiddo to Jerusalem. They buried him in his own tomb. Then the people of the land went and got Jehoahaz. They anointed him as king in place of his father Josiah.
Jehoahaz King of Judah
31Jehoahaz was 23 years old when he became king. He ruled in Jerusalem for three months. His mother’s name was Hamutal. She was the daughter of Jeremiah. She was from Libnah. 32Jehoahaz did what was evil in the eyes of the Lord. He did just as the kings who had ruled before him had done. 33Pharaoh Necho put him in chains at Riblah in the land of Hamath. That kept him from ruling in Jerusalem. Necho made the people of Judah pay him a tax of almost four tons of silver and 75 pounds of gold. 34Pharaoh Necho made Eliakim king in place of his father Josiah. Necho changed Eliakim’s name to Jehoiakim. But he took Jehoahaz with him to Egypt. And that’s where Jehoahaz died. 35Jehoiakim paid Pharaoh Necho the silver and gold he required. To get the money, Jehoiakim taxed the land. He forced the people to give him the silver and gold. He made each one pay him what he required.
Jehoiakim King of Judah
36Jehoiakim was 25 years old when he became king. He ruled in Jerusalem for 11 years. His mother’s name was Zebidah. She was the daughter of Pedaiah. She was from Rumah. 37Jehoiakim did what was evil in the eyes of the Lord. He did just as the kings who had ruled before him had done.
Josias renova a aliança com o Senhor
(2 Cr 34.3-7, 29-33)
1O rei mandou chamar os anciãos de Judá e de Jerusalém 2para irem com ele ao templo. Todos os sacerdotes, os profetas e o povo, desde o maior até ao mais pequeno, tanto de Jerusalém como de Judá, se reuniram no templo, para que o rei lhes lesse todas as palavras da aliança que Deus estabelecera com o seu povo, do livro que fora achado no templo. 3Ele ficou de pé, ao lado da coluna que está diante do povo e, tanto ele como o povo, renovaram a aliança com o Senhor, em como obedeceriam à sua palavra, guardariam os seus mandamentos, preceitos e decretos, e obedeceriam ao Senhor com todo o seu coração e com toda a sua alma.
4O rei deu instruções a Hilquias, o sumo sacerdote, aos sacerdotes e guardas do templo para destruírem todo o mobiliário e material que serviu para o culto prestado a Baal, a Achera, ao Sol, à Lua e às estrelas. O rei queimou tudo nos terrenos do vale de Cedron, fora de Jerusalém, e levou as cinzas para Betel. 5Também matou os sacerdotes do culto idólatra, nomeados para tal pelos anteriores reis de Judá, pois tinham queimado incenso nos santuários pagãos, em toda a terra de Judá e mesmo em Jerusalém. Também esses tinham oferecido incenso a Baal, ao Sol, à Lua, às estrelas e aos planetas. 6Também pôs fora da casa do Senhor o ídolo blasfemo de Achera e levou-o para Jerusalém, para o ribeiro de Cedron; queimou-o ali e desfê-lo em pó, lançando as cinzas nas sepulturas do povo comum. 7Mandou derrubar as casas dos homens prostitutos em volta do templo, onde as mulheres faziam roupa em honra da deusa Achera.
8Tornou a mandar vir para Jerusalém os sacerdotes de Deus, que viviam noutras cidades de Judá, e destruiu todos os santuários pagãos onde se queimava incenso aos ídolos, mesmo os que estavam muito distantes, como em Geba e em Berseba. Destruiu igualmente os santuários pagãos à entrada do palácio de Josué, o antigo governador da cidade de Jerusalém, à esquerda de quem entra pela porta da cidade. 9Contudo, os sacerdotes desses santuários nunca serviram no altar do Senhor em Jerusalém, ainda que comessem pães sem fermento com os outros sacerdotes.
10Também deitou abaixo o altar erigido a Tofete no vale de Ben-Hinom, de forma a que nunca mais ninguém ali pudesse oferecer em holocausto o seu filho ou filha como sacrifício a Moloque. 11Mandou destruir igualmente as estátuas de cavalos e os carros localizados perto da entrada do templo, nas proximidades da residência de Natã-Meleque, o eunuco. Essas figuras tinham sido dedicadas, por anteriores reis de Judá, ao deus do Sol.
12Fez o mesmo com os altares que os reis de Judá tinham feito erguer nos terraços da sala de Acaz. Os altares que Manassés levantara nos pátios do templo esmagou-os, despedaçando-os e lançando-os depois no vale de Cedron.
13Seguidamente, tirou os santuários pagãos a oriente de Jerusalém e a sul do monte da Corrupção. Salomão tinha feito erguer esses santuários a Astarote, a abominável deusa dos sidónios, e a Quemós, o deus execrável de Moabe, e também a Milcom, o deus abominável dos amonitas. 14Fez desaparecer os obeliscos e os vergonhosos ídolos de Achera; tornou esses terrenos imundos, espalhando neles ossos de cadáveres.
15Fez o mesmo com o altar e os santuários pagãos de Betel, que Jeroboão I, filho de Nebate, mandara edificar e que levaram Israel a pecar dessa maneira. Desfez essas pedras e queimou o repugnante ídolo de Achera. 16Enquanto ia observando a situação no território, Josias reparou em vários túmulos perto da montanha. Deu ordens aos seus homens que tirassem dali os ossos e que os queimassem sobre o altar de Betel, para o tornar impuro, tal como o homem de Deus tinha declarado, em nome do Senhor, que haveria de acontecer ao altar de Jeroboão.23.16 Ver 1 Rs 13.2.
17“Que monumento é aquele ali?”, perguntou. A gente da cidade respondeu-lhe: “É o túmulo do homem de Deus que veio de Judá e proclamou que haveria de acontecer aquilo que acabaste justamente de fazer com o altar de Betel!”
18“Não mexam então nessa sepultura; deixem-na ficar assim!”, ordenou. E deixaram os ossos como estavam, mais os ossos dos profetas que vieram de Samaria.
19Josias demoliu ainda os santuários pagãos de Samaria. Tinham sido erguidos por vários reis de Israel e suscitado grandemente a ira do Senhor. Desfê-los em pó, tal como fizera com o altar em Betel. 20Mandou que os sacerdotes idólatras dos santuários pagãos fossem executados sobre os altares e queimou ossos humanos sobre eles para os tornar impuros. Finalmente, regressou a Jerusalém.
A celebração da Páscoa
(2 Cr 35.1, 18-19)
21O rei deu ordens para todo o povo, dizendo: “Celebrem a Páscoa ao Senhor, vosso Deus, exatamente como está escrito neste livro da aliança.” 22Não tinha havido comemoração da Páscoa semelhante a essa desde os dias dos juízes de Israel, e nunca mais houve outra assim em todos os anos dos reis de Israel e Judá. 23Esta Páscoa teve lugar no décimo oitavo ano do reinado de Josias e foi celebrada em Jerusalém, em honra do Senhor.
24Josias também mandou exterminar os médiuns, os adivinhos e toda a espécie de culto abominável e idólatra, tanto em Jerusalém como em toda a terra. Porque Josias estava decidido a cumprir as palavras e os mandamentos escritos no livro que o sacerdote Hilquias encontrara no templo. 25Não houve outro rei que se tivesse convertido tão completamente ao Senhor e tivesse sido tão cumpridor da Lei dada por Moisés; nenhum outro rei depois dele foi tão obediente.
26Contudo, o Senhor não afastou a sua grande ira de Judá, devido aos graves pecados do rei Manassés. 27Porque o Senhor dissera: “Destruirei Judá como fiz com Israel; rejeitarei a minha cidade escolhida de Jerusalém e o templo que disse que seriam meus.”
A morte de Josias
(2 Cr 35.20–36.1)
28O resto da biografia de Josias está escrito no Livro das Crónicas dos Reis de Judá.
29Nesses dias o rei Neco do Egito atacou o rei da Assíria, junto ao rio Eufrates, e Josias declarou-lhe guerra. Neco matou Josias em Megido, logo que ali chegou. 30Os seus chefes militares trouxeram o seu corpo para Jerusalém e colocaram-no na sepultura que escolhera. O seu filho Jeoacaz foi escolhido pelo povo para ser o novo rei.
Jeoacaz rei de Judá
(2 Cr 36.2-4)
31O novo rei de Judá foi Jeoacaz. Quando começou a reinar tinha 23 anos. O seu reinado em Jerusalém durou três meses. A sua mãe chamava-se Hamutal e era filha de Jeremias, de Libna. 32Foi um mau rei. Fez o que era mau aos olhos do Senhor, à semelhança de tudo o que de mal tinham feito os seus antecessores.
33O Faraó Neco mandou-o prender em Ribla, na terra de Hamate, para impedir que reinasse, e impôs um tributo a Judá de 3400 quilos de prata e 34 quilos de ouro. 34O soberano egípcio escolheu Eliaquim, um outro filho de Josias, para reinar em Jerusalém, mudando-lhe o nome para Joaquim. Levou depois o rei Jeoacaz para o Egito, onde morreu. 35Joaquim estabeleceu um imposto sobre o povo para obter o dinheiro que o Faraó exigia.
Joaquim rei de Judá
(2 Cr 36.5-8)
36O novo rei de Judá foi Joaquim. Tinha 25 anos quando começou a reinar e reinou 11 anos em Jerusalém. O nome de sua mãe era Zebida e era filha de Pedaías, de Ruma. 37Tal como outros reis anteriores, fez o que era mau aos olhos do Senhor.
