1Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us, 2Even as they delivered them unto us, which from the beginning were eyewitnesses, and ministers of the word; 3It seemed good to me also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus, 4That thou mightest know the certainty of those things, wherein thou hast been instructed.
5¶ There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judæa, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abia: and his wife was of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elisabeth. 6And they were both righteous before God, walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless. 7And they had no child, because that Elisabeth was barren, and they both were now well stricken in years. 8And it came to pass, that while he executed the priest’s office before God in the order of his course, 9According to the custom of the priest’s office, his lot was to burn incense when he went into the temple of the Lord. 10And the whole multitude of the people were praying without at the time of incense. 11And there appeared unto him an angel of the Lord standing on the right side of the altar of incense. 12And when Zacharias saw him, he was troubled, and fear fell upon him. 13But the angel said unto him, Fear not, Zacharias: for thy prayer is heard; and thy wife Elisabeth shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt call his name John. 14And thou shalt have joy and gladness; and many shall rejoice at his birth. 15For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother’s womb. 16And many of the children of Israel shall he turn to the Lord their God. 17And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elias, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the Lord. 18And Zacharias said unto the angel, Whereby shall I know this? for I am an old man, and my wife well stricken in years. 19And the angel answering said unto him, I am Gabriel, that stand in the presence of God; and am sent to speak unto thee, and to shew thee these glad tidings. 20And, behold, thou shalt be dumb, and not able to speak, until the day that these things shall be performed, because thou believest not my words, which shall be fulfilled in their season. 21And the people waited for Zacharias, and marvelled that he tarried so long in the temple. 22And when he came out, he could not speak unto them: and they perceived that he had seen a vision in the temple: for he beckoned unto them, and remained speechless. 23And it came to pass, that, as soon as the days of his ministration were accomplished, he departed to his own house. 24And after those days his wife Elisabeth conceived, and hid herself five months, saying, 25Thus hath the Lord dealt with me in the days wherein he looked on me, to take away my reproach among men. 26And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth, 27To a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin’s name was Mary. 28And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women. 29And when she saw him, she was troubled at his saying, and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be. 30And the angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary: for thou hast found favour with God. 31And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name JESUS. 32He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David: 33And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end. 34Then said Mary unto the angel, How shall this be, seeing I know not a man? 35And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God. 36And, behold, thy cousin Elisabeth, she hath also conceived a son in her old age: and this is the sixth month with her, who was called barren. 37For with God nothing shall be impossible. 38And Mary said, Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it unto me according to thy word. And the angel departed from her. 39And Mary arose in those days, and went into the hill country with haste, into a city of Juda; 40And entered into the house of Zacharias, and saluted Elisabeth. 41And it came to pass, that, when Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her womb; and Elisabeth was filled with the Holy Ghost: 42And she spake out with a loud voice, and said, Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb. 43And whence is this to me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me? 44For, lo, as soon as the voice of thy salutation sounded in mine ears, the babe leaped in my womb for joy. 45And blessed is she that believed: for there shall be a performance of those things which were told her from the Lord. 46And Mary said, My soul doth magnify the Lord, 47And my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Saviour. 48For he hath regarded the low estate of his handmaiden: for, behold, from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed. 49For he that is mighty hath done to me great things; and holy is his name. 50And his mercy is on them that fear him from generation to generation. 51He hath shewed strength with his arm; he hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 52He hath put down the mighty from their seats, and exalted them of low degree. 53He hath filled the hungry with good things; and the rich he hath sent empty away. 54He hath holpen his servant Israel, in remembrance of his mercy; 55As he spake to our fathers, to Abraham, and to his seed for ever. 56And Mary abode with her about three months, and returned to her own house. 57Now Elisabeth’s full time came that she should be delivered; and she brought forth a son. 58And her neighbours and her cousins heard how the Lord had shewed great mercy upon her; and they rejoiced with her. 59And it came to pass, that on the eighth day they came to circumcise the child; and they called him Zacharias, after the name of his father. 60And his mother answered and said, Not so; but he shall be called John. 61And they said unto her, There is none of thy kindred that is called by this name. 62And they made signs to his father, how he would have him called. 63And he asked for a writing table, and wrote, saying, His name is John. And they marvelled all. 64And his mouth was opened immediately, and his tongue loosed, and he spake, and praised God. 65And fear came on all that dwelt round about them: and all these sayings were noised abroad throughout all the hill country of Judæa. 66And all they that heard them laid them up in their hearts, saying, What manner of child shall this be! And the hand of the Lord was with him. 67And his father Zacharias was filled with the Holy Ghost, and prophesied, saying, 68Blessed be the Lord God of Israel; for he hath visited and redeemed his people, 69And hath raised up an horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David; 70As he spake by the mouth of his holy prophets, which have been since the world began: 71That we should be saved from our enemies, and from the hand of all that hate us; 72To perform the mercy promised to our fathers, and to remember his holy covenant; 73The oath which he sware to our father Abraham, 74That he would grant unto us, that we being delivered out of the hand of our enemies might serve him without fear, 75In holiness and righteousness before him, all the days of our life. 76And thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways; 77To give knowledge of salvation unto his people by the remission of their sins, 78Through the tender mercy of our God; whereby the dayspring from on high hath visited us, 79To give light to them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace. 80And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, and was in the deserts till the day of his shewing unto Israel.
1-3Højtærede Teofilus!
Der er mange, som har berettet om de begivenheder, der har fundet sted iblandt os, og vi har hørt det fortalt af dem, der fra begyndelsen var øjenvidner og senere forkyndte os Guds ord. Når jeg nu har sat mig for at gennemgå det alt sammen og nedskrive det for dig i rækkefølge, 4er det, for at du kan blive overbevist om pålideligheden af det, du er blevet undervist om.
Johannes Døbers mirakuløse undfangelse
5Dengang Herodes1,5 Kong Herodes den Store, som man hidtil har ment døde i år 4 f.Kr., men som nogle nu mener døde i 1 f. Kr. regerede over jødernes land, var der en jødisk præst ved navn Zakarias. Han hørte til Abijas skiftehold1,5 Alle de jødiske præster nedstammede fra den første præst Aron fra Levis stamme. De var inddelt i 24 skiftehold, og hvert hold gjorde tjeneste i helligdommen i én uge ca. to gange om året. Jf. 1.Krøn. 24. blandt præsterne. Hans kone, Elisabet, var efterkommer af Aron, ligesom han selv var. 6De var retskafne mennesker og efterlevede Guds lov til punkt og prikke. 7Men de havde ingen børn, for Elisabet kunne ikke få børn, og nu var de begge oppe i årene.
8En dag, da Zakarias var i færd med sin tjeneste i templet, for det var hans hold, der havde tjeneste i den uge, 9tilfaldt det ham ved lodtrækning at gå ind i det hellige rum i templet for at bringe røgelsesofferet. 10Imens han var i færd med det, stod en stor forsamling af jøder ude i tempelgården og bad, som de plejede, når der brændtes røgelse. 11Pludselig fik Zakarias inde i templet øje på en engel, der stod på højre side af røgelsesalteret, 12og det gjorde ham skrækslagen.
13„Vær ikke bange, Zakarias!” sagde englen. „Jeg er kommet for at fortælle dig, at Gud har hørt dine bønner. Din kone Elisabet vil få en søn, som du skal kalde Johannes. 14Han vil blive til stor glæde for dig selv og mange andre, 15for han vil blive en af Guds største tjenere. Han må aldrig drikke vin eller øl, og han vil blive fyldt med Helligåndens kraft,1,15 Se noten til Matt. 1,18. allerede før han bliver født. 16Mange af Israels folk vil vende om fra deres ondskab og søge Herren, deres Gud, når de hører ham tale. 17Johannes vil træde frem i profeten Elias’ ånd og kraft. Han vil hjælpe forældre til at blive forsonet med deres børn og hjælpe de ulydige til at forstå visdommen i at gøre Guds vilje. Han vil gøre folket parat til at møde Herren.1,17 Jf. Mal. 3,23-24.”
18„Det har jeg svært ved at tro,” indvendte Zakarias. „Jeg er jo en halvgammel mand, og min kone er også godt oppe i årene. Giver du mig et tegn, så jeg kan tro på det?”
19Englen svarede: „Jeg er Gabriel, Guds betroede tjener, og han har sendt mig herhen for at fortælle dig den gode nyhed. 20Men fordi du tvivlede på, hvad jeg sagde, vil du få det tegn at blive stum. Du vil ikke kunne sige et eneste ord, før barnet er født. Men det, jeg har sagt, vil ske til den fastsatte tid!”
21Forsamlingen udenfor stod og ventede på, at Zakarias skulle komme ud til dem, og de undrede sig over, at han blev så længe inde i templet. 22Da han endelig kom ud, kunne han ikke få et ord frem, og folk forstod, at han havde haft et syn i templet. Han forsøgte med tegn og fagter at forklare, hvad der var sket.
23Efter at Zakarias havde fuldført sin tjenesteuge i templet, vendte han tilbage til sit hjem. 24Og det varede ikke længe, før Elisabet blev gravid, hvorefter hun holdt sig inden døre i fem måneder.
25„Det er Gud, der har gjort det!” udbrød hun. „Han har været nådig imod mig og taget min skam bort.”1,25 At være barnløs blev betragtet som en straf fra Gud, og folk så ned på sådanne kvinder.
Den mirakuløse undfangelse af Jesus, Guds Søn
26Et halvt år efter at Gud havde sendt Gabriel til Zakarias, sendte han ham til Nazaret i Galilæa, 27hvor der var en ung pige ved navn Maria. Hun var forlovet med en mand, der hed Josef, og han var af Kong Davids slægt. 28Da Gabriel kom til hende, sagde han: „Fred være med dig! Du er elsket af Gud, og han har store planer med dig.” 29Maria blev forbløffet over de ord og spekulerede på, hvad meningen kunne være.
30„Vær ikke bange, Maria,” sagde englen, „for du er udvalgt af Gud. 31Du vil blive gravid og føde en søn, som du skal give navnet Jesus. 32Han vil få stor betydning, for han er den Almægtiges Søn. Gud Herren vil sætte ham på Davids trone, 33og han skal for altid være konge over Israels folk. Hans herredømme vil aldrig få ende.”
34„Men hvordan skulle jeg kunne få et barn?” spurgte Maria. „Jeg har jo ikke nogen mand.”1,34 En kvinde, der fik et barn, før hun var gift, risikerede dødsstraf.
35Englen svarede: „Helligånden vil komme over dig, og den almægtige Guds kraft vil gøre et under i dig. Derfor vil det barn, du skal føde, blive et helligt barn, Guds Søn. 36Og jeg kan fortælle dig, at din gamle slægtning Elisabet, som aldrig har kunnet få børn, nu venter et barn. Hun er allerede i sjette måned. 37Intet er umuligt for Gud.”
38„Så er jeg parat til at acceptere Guds vilje,” udbrød Maria. „Lad det blot ske, som du har sagt.” Så forlod englen hende.
Maria besøger Elisabet
39-40Maria tog nu af sted til Judæas højland, til den by, hvor Zakarias boede, for hun ville besøge Elisabet. 41I samme øjeblik Elisabet hørte Marias fredshilsen, sparkede barnet inde i hendes mave, og hun blev fyldt med Helligåndens kraft.
42„Maria!” råbte hun glædestrålende, „hvor er du en velsignet kvinde, og velsignet er det barn, du venter. 43Hvilken ære, at min Herres mor kommer og besøger mig. 44Netop da jeg hørte din fredshilsen, hoppede barnet inden i mig af fryd. 45Du er velsignet, fordi du troede på, at Gud ville opfylde det løfte, han gav dig.”
Marias lovprisning
46Maria brød nu ud i en lovprisning til Gud:
„Jeg priser Herren af hele mit hjerte!
47Jeg fryder mig over Gud, min Frelser,
48for han har udvalgt mig, sin ringe tjener.
Alle kommende slægter vil kalde mig velsignet,
49for den Almægtige har gjort store ting mod mig.
Han er en hellig Gud,
50og hans trofaste nåde gælder alle, der ærer ham.
51Han straffer enhver, som har hovmod i hjertet,
og spreder dem for alle vinde.
52Verdens fyrster styrter han fra tronen,
men de ydmyge ophøjer han.
53De sultne mætter han med alt godt,
men de rige sender han tomhændet bort.
54Han er kommet for at hjælpe sin tjener Israel
ved at opfylde sit løfte om nåde,
55det løfte, han gav vores forfædre,
om at velsigne Abraham og hans børn for evigt.”
56Maria blev hos Elisabet i omtrent tre måneder og vendte så tilbage til sit hjem.
Johannes Døbers fødsel
57Dagen kom, hvor Elisabet skulle føde, og hun fik en dreng. 58Familie og naboer fik hurtigt den gode nyhed at vide, og alle glædede sig over Guds godhed mod hende.
59Ugedagen1,59 Teksten siger: „på den ottende dag”, hvilket er det samme som „syv dage efter”. efter kom slægt og venner for at deltage i omskærelsesceremonien. Alle regnede med, at drengen skulle hedde Zakarias som sin far, 60men Elisabet sagde: „Nej, han skal hedde Johannes!”1,60 Navne havde en betydning, som var væsentlig for jøderne. Johannes er det samme som Johanan, og det betyder: „Gud bringer nåde”.
61„Hvorfor?” udbrød de. „Der er ikke én i hele familien, der hedder sådan.” 62Så spurgte de med tegn og fagter barnets far, hvad han ønskede, drengen skulle hedde. 63Han bad om en tavle, og til alles store overraskelse skrev han: „Drengens navn er Johannes.”
64I samme øjeblik kunne Zakarias tale igen, og han begyndte at lovprise Gud. 65Naboerne blev slået af forundring, og beretningen herom gik fra mund til mund over hele Judæas højland. 66Alle, der hørte om det, undrede sig og sagde: „Hvad mon Gud har for med den dreng?” De mirakler, der var sket, gjorde det klart, at Gud havde særlige planer med ham.
67Johannes’ far, Zakarias, blev fyldt med Helligåndens kraft og profeterede:
68„Lovet være Herren, Israels Gud,
for han har besluttet at befri sit folk.
69Han har ladet fremstå en forunderlig Frelser
af sin tjener Davids slægt.
70Det forudsagde han gennem sine hellige profeter
i fordums tid:
71En Frelser, der skal befri os fra vore fjender,
fra alle, der hader os.
72-75Han husker sin pagt med Abraham,
det løfte, han selv har givet,
om at vi altid kunne tjene ham i hellighed og retfærdighed
uden frygt for vore fjender.
76Og du, mit barn,
du skal kaldes den Højestes profet,
for du skal bane vej for Herren.
77Du skal fortælle hans folk om frelsen,
ved at de får deres synd tilgivet
78som følge af Guds inderlige barmhjertighed.
Solen fra det Høje er på vej for at hjælpe os.
79Hans lys vil skinne for dem,
som lever i mørke og i dødens skygge,
og han vil lede vore fødder ind på fredens vej.”
80Johannes voksede op og var meget modtagelig for åndelig åbenbarelse. Han opholdt sig i ødemarken, mens han forberedte sig til den dag, da han skulle træde offentligt frem for Israels folk.
