22
同族への配慮、性的関係に関する規定等
1迷い牛や羊を見つけたら、そ知らぬふりをせず、持ち主のところへ連れて行きなさい。 2持ち主がわからないときは自分の家で預かり、持ち主が捜しに来たら返してあげなさい。 3このほか、ろばや衣服などを見つけたときも同じようにしなさい。持ち主がわかるまで大事に預かりなさい。
4足をすべらせて荷物の下敷きになった牛やろばを立たせようとしている人を見たら、素通りしてはいけません。すぐに行って手を貸しなさい。
5女が男の格好をしたり、男が女の格好をしたりしてはいけません。主はそのようなことを嫌われます。
6鳥の巣が地面や木の上にあるのを見つけたとき、ひなや卵が母鳥といっしょだったら、全部取ってはいけません。 7母鳥は逃がして、ひなだけを取りなさい。そうすれば、あなたがたも幸せに生きることができます。
8家を新築するときは、人が落ちないように屋上に手すりをつけなさい。そうしておけば、万一だれかが落ちても、その家にも持ち主にも責任がありません。
9ふどう園にはほかの種をまいてはいけません。そんなことをしたら、どちらの実も汚れたものとなり、祭司に没収されます。
10牛とろばを組にして耕してはいけません。 11毛糸と亜麻糸というように、二種の糸で織った衣服を着てはいけません。
12神の律法を思い出すために、外套の四隅に房を縫いつけなさい。
13-14結婚してから夫が、結婚前にほかの男と関係があったと妻に言いがかりをつけ、『妻は処女ではなかった』と訴えたら、 15その妻の両親は町の長老たち（裁判官）のもとに、娘が処女であった証拠を持って来なさい。 16-18まず父親が裁判官に、『この男に娘を嫁がせましたが、娘が処女でなかったと言いがかりをつけるのです。しかし、ごらんください。ちゃんと処女のしるしがあります』と言い、裁判官の目の前でシーツを見せなさい。それが認められれば、裁判官は夫をむち打ちの刑にし、 19彼に銀百シェケルの罰金を科し、妻の父親に与えなさい。イスラエル人の処女に対して悪口を言いふらした罰です。彼は生涯、妻を離縁することができません。 20しかし、夫の訴えどおり、妻が処女でなかったことがはっきりしたら、 21裁判官は彼女を父親の家の戸口に引き出し、町の者が石を投げつけて殺しなさい。両親のもとにいながら淫行の罪を犯し、イスラエルの名を汚したからです。このような罪悪は除き去らなければなりません。
22また、夫のある女と男が寝て見つかった場合、男も相手の人妻も殺されます。こうして、イスラエルから罪悪を除き去りなさい。 23-24婚約中の娘が町の城壁内（町の中）で男に誘惑された場合、娘も男も町の外に連れ出して石で打ち殺しなさい。娘は町の中にいながら助けを求めず、男は他人の婚約者を奪ったからです。 25-27罪悪は除き去らなければなりません。ただし町の外であれば、殺されるのは男だけです。その娘は死刑に当たる罪は問われません。叫び声を上げたのに、町から遠かったのでだれも助けに来なかったとみなされます。 28-29ある男が婚約前の娘に暴行して捕まった場合は、娘の父親に罰金五十シェケルを払い、娘と結婚しなければなりません。絶対に離婚はできません。
30また、義理の母は自分の父の妻なのですから、父が死んでからも関係を持ってはいけません。
1If you see your fellow Israelite’s ox or sheep straying, do not ignore it but be sure to take it back to its owner. 2If they do not live near you or if you do not know who owns it, take it home with you and keep it until they come looking for it. Then give it back. 3Do the same if you find their donkey or cloak or anything else they have lost. Do not ignore it.
4If you see your fellow Israelite’s donkey or ox fallen on the road, do not ignore it. Help the owner to get it to its feet.
5A woman must not wear men’s clothing, nor a man wear women’s clothing, for the Lord your God detests anyone who does this.
6If you come across a bird’s nest beside the road, either in a tree or on the ground, and the mother is sitting on the young or on the eggs, do not take the mother with the young. 7You may take the young, but be sure to let the mother go, so that it may go well with you and you may have a long life.
8When you build a new house, make a parapet around your roof so that you may not bring the guilt of bloodshed on your house if someone falls from the roof.
9Do not plant two kinds of seed in your vineyard; if you do, not only the crops you plant but also the fruit of the vineyard will be defiled.22:9 Or be forfeited to the sanctuary
10Do not plough with an ox and a donkey yoked together.
11Do not wear clothes of wool and linen woven together.
12Make tassels on the four corners of the cloak you wear.
Marriage violations
13If a man takes a wife and, after sleeping with her, dislikes her 14and slanders her and gives her a bad name, saying, ‘I married this woman, but when I approached her, I did not find proof of her virginity,’ 15then the young woman’s father and mother shall bring to the town elders at the gate proof that she was a virgin. 16Her father will say to the elders, ‘I gave my daughter in marriage to this man, but he dislikes her. 17Now he has slandered her and said, “I did not find your daughter to be a virgin.” But here is the proof of my daughter’s virginity.’ Then her parents shall display the cloth before the elders of the town, 18and the elders shall take the man and punish him. 19They shall fine him a hundred shekels22:19 That is, about 1.2 kilograms of silver and give them to the young woman’s father, because this man has given an Israelite virgin a bad name. She shall continue to be his wife; he must not divorce her as long as he lives.
20If, however, the charge is true and no proof of the young woman’s virginity can be found, 21she shall be brought to the door of her father’s house and there the men of her town shall stone her to death. She has done an outrageous thing in Israel by being promiscuous while still in her father’s house. You must purge the evil from among you.
22If a man is found sleeping with another man’s wife, both the man who slept with her and the woman must die. You must purge the evil from Israel.
23If a man happens to meet in a town a virgin pledged to be married and he sleeps with her, 24you shall take both of them to the gate of that town and stone them to death – the young woman because she was in a town and did not scream for help, and the man because he violated another man’s wife. You must purge the evil from among you.
25But if out in the country a man happens to meet a young woman pledged to be married and rapes her, only the man who has done this shall die. 26Do nothing to the woman; she has committed no sin deserving death. This case is like that of someone who attacks and murders a neighbour, 27for the man found the young woman out in the country, and though the betrothed woman screamed, there was no-one to rescue her.
28If a man happens to meet a virgin who is not pledged to be married and rapes her and they are discovered, 29he shall pay her father fifty shekels22:29 That is, about 575 grams of silver. He must marry the young woman, for he has violated her. He can never divorce her as long as he lives.
30A man is not to marry his father’s wife; he must not dishonour his father’s bed.22:30 In Hebrew texts this verse (22:30) is numbered 23:1.
