11
きよい動物と汚れた動物
1さて主は、モーセとアロンに命じました。 2-3「人々に言いなさい。食用にできる動物は、ひづめが分かれ、反芻するものだけである。 4-7らくだ、岩だぬき、野うさぎは食べてはならない。反芻はするが、ひづめが分かれていないからだ。ひづめは分かれているが、反芻しない豚もだめだ。 8これらは肉を食べることはおろか、死体にさわってもいけない。絶対に食用にできない動物である。
9魚は、ひれとうろこがあるものなら、海のものでも川のものでも食べてよい。 10しかし、それ以外の水中動物は絶対に食べてはならない。 11肉を食べてもいけないし、死骸にさわってもいけない。 12くり返すが、ひれとうろこのない水中動物は食べられない。
13-19鳥の中では、次のものは食べてはならない。はげわし、はげたか、みさご（タカ科の鳥）、はやぶさの類全部、とび、からすの類全部、だちょう、よたか、かもめ、たかの類全部、ふくろう、鵜、みみずく、白ふくろう、ペリカン、野がん、こうのとり、さぎの類全部、やつがしら、こうもり。
20飛ぶもので四つ足のものは食べてはならない。 21-22しかし、跳びはねるもの、いなごなどの類は別である。いなご、ばった、大いなご、小いなごなどは食べてかまわない。 23それ以外に飛ぶもので、四つ足のものは食べてはならない。
24その死骸にさわる者はみな、夕方まで汚れる。 25死骸を持ち運んだ者はすぐ衣服を洗いなさい。礼拝規定で汚れた者とみなされ、夕方まで身を慎まなければならない。
26ひづめが完全に分かれていない動物や、反芻しない動物にさわる者は汚れる。 27足の裏のふくらみで歩く動物は食べられない。死骸にさわるだけで夕方まで汚れる。 28死骸を持ち運ぶ者は衣服を洗わなければならない。夕方まで、礼拝規定で汚れた者とみなされる。
29-30地面をはい回る動物のうち、次のものは汚れている。もぐら、とびねずみ、大とかげ類、やもり、わに、とかげ、すなとかげ、カメレオン。
31これらの死骸にさわれば、夕方まで汚れる。 32死骸が何かの上に落ちた場合は、木の容器でも衣服でも敷物でも袋でも、みな汚れる。それにさわった物は何でも水につけなさい。夕方まで汚れるが、また使ってもかまわない。 33土の容器の中に落ちた場合、中の物は何でも汚れる。容器は砕いてしまいなさい。 34汚れた容器の水がかかった食べ物はみな汚れる。汚れた容器に入っている飲み物も汚れる。 35それらの動物の死骸が触れたかまどや炉は汚れたものなので、壊してしまいなさい。 36死骸が泉とか水ために落ちた場合は、水は汚れない。ただし、死骸を引き上げる者は汚れる。 37畑にまく種に死骸が触れても、種は汚れない。 38ただし、ぬれた種の上に落ちた場合は汚れる。
39食用にできる動物が病死した場合は、その死骸にさわれば夕方まで汚れる。 40その肉を食べたり死体を運んだりした者は、衣服を洗いなさい。その者は夕方まで汚れる。
41-42地面をはう動物は食べてはならない。爬虫類のうち、腹ではうもの、足のあるものも含まれる。たくさんの足ではうものも食べてはならない。汚れたものだからだ。 43それにさわって自分を汚してはならない。
44わたしはあなたがたの神、主である。以上のものについて身をきよく保ちなさい。わたしは聖なる者だから、あなたがたも聖なる者になりなさい。地をはい回るものにさわって身を汚さないようにしなさい。 45わたしはあなたがたの神となるために、あなたがたをエジプトから救い出した。だから、わたしが聖なる者であるように、あなたがたも聖なる者にならなければならない。」
46以上が、動物、鳥、水中に住む動物、地をはう動物についての指示です。 47これによって、地上の動物の中で、礼拝規定上どれがきよくて、食べてよいものか、どれが汚れていて、食べてはならないものかの区別ができます。
“Clean” and “Unclean” Food
1The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron. He said to them, 2“Speak to the Israelites. Tell them, ‘Many animals live on land. Here are the only ones you can eat. 3You can eat any animal that has hooves that are separated completely in two. But it must also chew the cud.
4“ ‘Some animals only chew the cud. Some only have hooves that are separated in two. You must not eat those animals. Camels chew the cud. But their hooves are not separated in two. So they are “unclean” for you. 5Rock badgers chew the cud. But their hooves are not separated in two. So they are “unclean” for you. 6Rabbits chew the cud. But their hooves are not separated in two. So they are “unclean” for you. 7Pigs have hooves that are separated completely in two. But they do not chew the cud. So they are “unclean” for you. 8You must not eat the meat of those animals. You must not even touch their dead bodies. They are “unclean” for you.
9“ ‘Many creatures live in the water of the oceans and streams. You can eat all those that have fins and scales. 10Treat as “unclean” all the creatures in the oceans or streams that do not have fins and scales. That includes all those that move together in groups and all those that do not. 11Treat them as “unclean.” Do not eat their meat. Treat their dead bodies as “unclean.” 12Regard as “unclean” everything that lives in the water that does not have fins and scales.
13“ ‘Here are the birds you must treat as “unclean.” Do not eat them because they are “unclean.” The birds include eagles, vultures and black vultures. 14They include red kites and all kinds of black kites. 15They include all kinds of ravens. 16They include horned owls, screech owls, gulls and all kinds of hawks. 17They include little owls, cormorants and great owls. 18They include white owls, desert owls and ospreys. 19They also include storks, hoopoes, bats and all kinds of herons.
20“ ‘Treat as “unclean” every flying insect that walks on all fours. 21But you can eat some flying insects that walk on all fours. Their legs have joints so they can hop on the ground. 22Here are the insects you can eat. You can eat all kinds of locusts, katydids, crickets and grasshoppers. 23Treat as “unclean” every other creature with wings and four legs.
24“ ‘You will make yourselves “unclean” if you eat these things. If you touch their dead bodies, you will be “unclean” until evening. 25If a person picks up one of their dead bodies, that person must wash their clothes. They will be “unclean” until evening.
26“ ‘Suppose an animal has hooves that are not separated completely in two. Or suppose an animal does not chew the cud. Then these animals are “unclean” for you. If you touch the dead body of any of them, you will be “unclean.” 27Many animals walk on all fours. But those that walk on their paws are “unclean” for you. Anyone who touches their dead bodies will be “unclean” until evening. 28If a person picks up their dead bodies, that person must wash their clothes. They will be “unclean” until evening. These animals are “unclean” for you.
29“ ‘Many animals move along the ground. Here are the ones that are “unclean” for you. They include weasels, rats and all kinds of large lizards. 30They also include geckos, monitor lizards, wall lizards, skinks and chameleons. 31These are the animals that move around on the ground that are “unclean” for you. If you touch their dead bodies, you will be “unclean” until evening. 32Suppose one of them dies and falls on something. Then that thing will be “unclean.” It does not matter what it is used for. It does not matter whether it is made out of wood, cloth, hide or rough cloth. Put it in water. It will be “unclean” until evening. After that, it will be “clean.” 33Suppose one of these animals falls into a clay pot. Then everything in the pot will be “unclean.” You must break the pot. 34Any food that could be eaten but has water on it that came from that pot is “unclean.” And any liquid that could be drunk from it is “unclean.” 35Anything that the dead body of one of these animals falls on becomes “unclean.” If it is an oven or cooking pot, break it. It is “unclean.” And you must consider it “unclean.” 36But a spring or a well for collecting water remains “clean.” That is true even if the dead body of one of these animals falls into it. But anyone who touches the dead body is not “clean.” 37If the dead body falls on any seeds that have not been planted yet, the seeds remain “clean.” 38But suppose water has already been put on the seeds. And suppose the dead body falls on them. Then they are “unclean” for you.
39“ ‘Suppose an animal you are allowed to eat dies. If anyone touches its dead body, they will be “unclean” until evening. 40If they eat part of the dead body, they must wash their clothes. They will be “unclean” until evening. If they pick up the dead body, they must wash their clothes. They will be “unclean” until evening.
41“ ‘Treat as “unclean” every creature that moves along the ground. Do not eat it. 42Do not eat any of these creatures. It does not matter whether they move on their bellies. It does not matter whether they walk on all fours or on many feet. It is “unclean.” 43Do not make yourselves “unclean” by eating any of these animals. Do not make yourselves “unclean” because of them. Do not let them make you “unclean.” 44I am the Lord your God. Set yourselves apart. Be holy, because I am holy. Do not make yourselves “unclean” by eating any creatures that move around on the ground. 45I am the Lord. I brought you up out of Egypt to be your God. So be holy, because I am holy.
46“ ‘These are the rules about animals and birds. These are the rules about every living thing that moves around in the water. And these are the rules about every creature that moves along the ground. 47You must be able to tell the difference between what is “clean” and what is not. You must also be able to tell the difference between living creatures that can be eaten and those that can’t.’ ”
