有关食物的条例
1耶和华对摩西和亚伦说： 2“你们把以下条例告诉以色列人。
“地上的动物， 3凡是蹄子分瓣且反刍的，你们都可以吃。 4但你们不可吃只有蹄子分瓣或只反刍的动物。骆驼不洁净，因为它虽反刍但蹄子不分瓣； 5獾不洁净，因为它虽反刍但蹄子不分瓣； 6野兔不洁净，因为它虽反刍但蹄子不分瓣； 7猪不洁净，因为它蹄子虽分瓣但不反刍。 8你们不可吃它们的肉，也不可摸它们的尸体，因为它们对你们来说不洁净。
9“海洋与河流里的动物，凡有鳍有鳞的，你们都可以吃。 10但海洋与河流里无鳍无鳞的动物，你们要憎恶。 11它们都是可憎之物，不可吃它们的肉，也不可摸它们的尸体。 12水中任何无鳍无鳞的动物，你们都要视为可憎之物。
13“你们不可吃以下鸟类，要视为可憎之物。它们是雕、胡兀鹫、黑秃鹫、 14鸢、隼类、 15乌鸦类、 16驼鸟、夜鹰、海鸥、鹰类、 17小鸮、鸬鹚、大鸮、 18仓鸮、鹈鹕、鱼鹰、 19鹳、鹭鸟类、戴胜和蝙蝠。
20“你们要憎恶会飞会爬的昆虫， 21但可以吃会飞会跳的昆虫， 22包括蝗虫、蟋蟀和蚱蜢。 23所有会飞会爬的昆虫，你们要视为可憎之物。
24“以下的动物会使你们不洁净。任何人接触到它们的尸体，都不洁净，要等到傍晚才能洁净。 25任何人拿它们的尸体，都必须洗净所穿的衣服，要等到傍晚才能洁净。 26蹄子不分瓣或不反刍的动物，你们要视为不洁净，碰到它们的人都不洁净。 27所有以脚掌走路的四足动物，你们要视为不洁净，碰到它们尸体的人都不洁净，要等到傍晚才能洁净。 28凡拿它们尸体的人都必须洗净所穿的衣服，要等到傍晚才能洁净。你们要视它们为不洁净的动物。
29“地上不洁净的动物有鼬鼠、老鼠、大蜥蜴、 30壁虎、巨蜥、小蜥蜴和变色龙。 31这些爬虫都是不洁净的。任何人碰到它们的尸体，都不洁净，要等到傍晚才能洁净。 32如果它们的尸体掉在什么东西上，不管是木器、衣物、皮件还是袋子，不管作何用途，都会变得不洁净。要把那东西放在水中，一直到傍晚才能洁净。 33如果它们的尸体掉在陶器里，陶器里盛的东西都不洁净。你们必须打碎那陶器。 34陶器里的水如果滴到食物上，食物就不洁净；如果滴到盛饮料的器皿里，饮料也不洁净。 35它们的尸体无论掉在什么东西上，那东西都不洁净，无论是炉是锅都要打碎。 36如果它们的尸体掉进水泉或储水池里，水泉和储水池仍然是洁净的，但碰到尸体的人是不洁净的。 37如果它们的尸体接触到将要播撒的种子，种子仍是洁净的。 38但如果它们的尸体碰到泡过水的种子，种子就不洁净。
39“一只可以食用的动物死后，任何人如果碰到它的尸体，都不洁净，要等到傍晚才能洁净。 40任何人如果吃它的肉，或拿它的尸体，都必须洗净衣服，等到傍晚才能洁净。
41“所有地上的爬虫都是可憎的，你们不可吃。 42你们不可吃用肚子、四脚或多脚爬行的动物，这些都是可憎的。 43你们不可让这些动物玷污自己，使自己不洁净。 44我是你们的上帝耶和华。你们要分别出来做圣洁的人，因为我是圣洁的。你们不可让地上的爬虫玷污自己。 45我是耶和华，我带你们离开埃及，为要做你们的上帝。你们要圣洁，因为我是圣洁的。
46“以上是有关飞禽走兽、水族和地上一切爬虫的条例， 47使你们可以分清什么是洁净的、什么是不洁净的、什么是可吃的、什么是不可吃的。”
“Clean” and “Unclean” Food
1The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron. He said to them, 2“Speak to the Israelites. Tell them, ‘Many animals live on land. Here are the only ones you can eat. 3You can eat any animal that has hooves that are separated completely in two. But it must also chew the cud.
4“ ‘Some animals only chew the cud. Some only have hooves that are separated in two. You must not eat those animals. Camels chew the cud. But their hooves are not separated in two. So they are “unclean” for you. 5Rock badgers chew the cud. But their hooves are not separated in two. So they are “unclean” for you. 6Rabbits chew the cud. But their hooves are not separated in two. So they are “unclean” for you. 7Pigs have hooves that are separated completely in two. But they do not chew the cud. So they are “unclean” for you. 8You must not eat the meat of those animals. You must not even touch their dead bodies. They are “unclean” for you.
9“ ‘Many creatures live in the water of the oceans and streams. You can eat all those that have fins and scales. 10Treat as “unclean” all the creatures in the oceans or streams that do not have fins and scales. That includes all those that move together in groups and all those that do not. 11Treat them as “unclean.” Do not eat their meat. Treat their dead bodies as “unclean.” 12Regard as “unclean” everything that lives in the water that does not have fins and scales.
13“ ‘Here are the birds you must treat as “unclean.” Do not eat them because they are “unclean.” The birds include eagles, vultures and black vultures. 14They include red kites and all kinds of black kites. 15They include all kinds of ravens. 16They include horned owls, screech owls, gulls and all kinds of hawks. 17They include little owls, cormorants and great owls. 18They include white owls, desert owls and ospreys. 19They also include storks, hoopoes, bats and all kinds of herons.
20“ ‘Treat as “unclean” every flying insect that walks on all fours. 21But you can eat some flying insects that walk on all fours. Their legs have joints so they can hop on the ground. 22Here are the insects you can eat. You can eat all kinds of locusts, katydids, crickets and grasshoppers. 23Treat as “unclean” every other creature with wings and four legs.
24“ ‘You will make yourselves “unclean” if you eat these things. If you touch their dead bodies, you will be “unclean” until evening. 25If a person picks up one of their dead bodies, that person must wash their clothes. They will be “unclean” until evening.
26“ ‘Suppose an animal has hooves that are not separated completely in two. Or suppose an animal does not chew the cud. Then these animals are “unclean” for you. If you touch the dead body of any of them, you will be “unclean.” 27Many animals walk on all fours. But those that walk on their paws are “unclean” for you. Anyone who touches their dead bodies will be “unclean” until evening. 28If a person picks up their dead bodies, that person must wash their clothes. They will be “unclean” until evening. These animals are “unclean” for you.
29“ ‘Many animals move along the ground. Here are the ones that are “unclean” for you. They include weasels, rats and all kinds of large lizards. 30They also include geckos, monitor lizards, wall lizards, skinks and chameleons. 31These are the animals that move around on the ground that are “unclean” for you. If you touch their dead bodies, you will be “unclean” until evening. 32Suppose one of them dies and falls on something. Then that thing will be “unclean.” It does not matter what it is used for. It does not matter whether it is made out of wood, cloth, hide or rough cloth. Put it in water. It will be “unclean” until evening. After that, it will be “clean.” 33Suppose one of these animals falls into a clay pot. Then everything in the pot will be “unclean.” You must break the pot. 34Any food that could be eaten but has water on it that came from that pot is “unclean.” And any liquid that could be drunk from it is “unclean.” 35Anything that the dead body of one of these animals falls on becomes “unclean.” If it is an oven or cooking pot, break it. It is “unclean.” And you must consider it “unclean.” 36But a spring or a well for collecting water remains “clean.” That is true even if the dead body of one of these animals falls into it. But anyone who touches the dead body is not “clean.” 37If the dead body falls on any seeds that have not been planted yet, the seeds remain “clean.” 38But suppose water has already been put on the seeds. And suppose the dead body falls on them. Then they are “unclean” for you.
39“ ‘Suppose an animal you are allowed to eat dies. If anyone touches its dead body, they will be “unclean” until evening. 40If they eat part of the dead body, they must wash their clothes. They will be “unclean” until evening. If they pick up the dead body, they must wash their clothes. They will be “unclean” until evening.
41“ ‘Treat as “unclean” every creature that moves along the ground. Do not eat it. 42Do not eat any of these creatures. It does not matter whether they move on their bellies. It does not matter whether they walk on all fours or on many feet. It is “unclean.” 43Do not make yourselves “unclean” by eating any of these animals. Do not make yourselves “unclean” because of them. Do not let them make you “unclean.” 44I am the Lord your God. Set yourselves apart. Be holy, because I am holy. Do not make yourselves “unclean” by eating any creatures that move around on the ground. 45I am the Lord. I brought you up out of Egypt to be your God. So be holy, because I am holy.
46“ ‘These are the rules about animals and birds. These are the rules about every living thing that moves around in the water. And these are the rules about every creature that moves along the ground. 47You must be able to tell the difference between what is “clean” and what is not. You must also be able to tell the difference between living creatures that can be eaten and those that can’t.’ ”
